Presenter: Scott Dobson
Formed due to anger at 1832 Reform Act and 1834 Poor Law Arguably the world’s first mass labour movement June 1836- London Working Men’s Association- small but influential 1838- Publication of the People’s Charter- too moderate?
Suffrage for all adult males Equal-sized parliamentary constituencies Secret Ballot at elections An end to the property qualification to Parliament Pay for MPs Annual parliamentary elections
JUNE 1832 REFORM ACT NO VOTE FOR WORKING PEOPLE 1835 PEOPLE'S CHARTER FIRST PETITION 1839 1,25 MILLION PEOPLE HAD SIGNED THE PETITION REJECTED BY PARLIAMENT VIOLENCE FOLLOWS SECOND PETITION 1842 3,25 MILLION PEOPLE SIGN THE PETITION PARLIAMENT AGAIN REJECTS THE PETITION VIOLENCE FOLLOWS 1848 THIRD PETITION REJECTED
Joseph Rayner Stephens and Feargus O’Connor O’Connor: “willing to die for the cause” and to “lead people to death or glory” Warned of violence if the six points were not met quickly
“If Abraham was ready to kill his only child, shall we falter when God commands us to draw the sword and never to sheath that sword until it is sheathed in the hearts of his enemies? God wills the death of no man; neither is it the will of God that a Poor Law Commission, of the kind that now curses England, should ever be established. I pray God to cast them all to hell.”
John Frost and the Newport Rising, 4 November 1839 Frost planned to march on Newport and then, through passive protest, prove the scale of public of opposition to imprisonment of Henry Vincent- events spiralled out of control, 20 men killed The Plug Riots, August 1842 Industrial disruption, but denounced by O’Connor
O’Connor attempted ‘moral force’ tactics by arranging a petition and a big meeting It was claimed there were over 5.7 million signatures on the petition, but inspection by parliament showed there were less than 2 million with many forgeries Accused of destroying credibility of the movement
Kennington Common fiasco damaged the movement, but pockets of strength remained- into the 1850s there were well attended meetings in London, Birmingham and Leicester But, Chartist candidates did very badly at 1852 General Election and sales of the Northern Star dropped considerably Tactics of mass mobilisation still impressive