NỘI DUNG NGỮ PHÁP NÂNG CAO TUYỂN SINH ĐẠI HỌC , CAO ĐẲNG

TENSES

HAS BEEN TO / HAS BEEN IN/ HAS GONE TO He has been to Berlin (= He has gone and come back) He has been in Da Lat for a year (= He lives there ) He has gone to Japan (= He hasn’t come back yet)

OTHER WAYS OF EXPRESSING FUTURE 1. Be + to + infinitive : future plans , instructions Ex : The meeting is to take place on Wednesday You are not to leave the premises until 17:00 2. Be about to + infinitive / be on the point of + gerund : immediate future Ex : They are about to leave They are on the point of leaving

MODAL PERFECT Modal + Have + Past Participle 1. must have done = we are almost sure something happened in the past Jane wasn't feeling well yesterday. She must have caught a cold. Bill didn't answer the phone when I called him. He must have fallen asleep.

MODAL PERFECT 2. can't have done = we are almost sure something did not happen in the past She can't have forgotten to send you an invitation. I gave her your address. They can't have gone to bed late. They were very tired.

MODAL PERFECT 3. may / might / could have done = it is possible that something happened in the past but we aren't sure. Laura hasn't arrived yet. She may/might/could have missed the bus. I didn't see Paul at work. He may/might/could have been ill.

MODAL PERFECT 4. could have done = we had the ability to do something in the past but did not do it. You could have told us about the new project! She could have called me when she arrived but she forgot.

MODAL PERFECT 5. should have / ought to have done = (a) it was the right thing to do but we didn't do it. (b) we expected something to happen but it didn't. You should have told him the truth. They ought to have received the cheque by now.

MODAL PERFECT 6. would have done = we wanted to do something but we didn't do it in the end. They would have emailed you but the Internet was down yesterday. I would have bought that DVD but I didn't have enough money.

MODAL PERFECT 7. needn't have done = it wasn't necessary to do something but we did it. You needn't have gone to the supermarket. I've already done the shopping. The weather was warm and sunny. I needn't have taken an umbrella.

GERUND-INFINITIVE Go on + _ing form : continue Ex : He went on playing the piano in spite of the neighbour’s complaint Go on + to infinitive : stop one action and start another Ex : They first discussed the items on the agenda and then went on to discuss the budget

GERUND-INFINITIVE Mean + to inf = intend to Ex : She means to discuss the matter with the headmaster Mean + _ing form = involve, entail Ex : It means changing the original plans

GERUND-INFINITIVE Propose + to inf =intend Ex : I propose to build three more classrooms. Propose + _ing form = suggest Ex : I propose trying that new Chinese restaurant

GERUND-INFINITIVE Be sorry + to inf = regret sth Ex : I am sorry to hear of his illness Be sorry for + _ing form = apologize Ex : I am sorry for shouting at you

GERUND-INFINITIVE Be afraid to + inf : the subject is too frightened to do sth Ex : She was afraid to drive the car Be afraid of +_ing form : the subject fears that the action expressed by the gerund may happen Ex : She didn’t want to drive the car ; she was afraid of causing an accident.

PASSIVE VOICE

PASSIVE VOICE

PASSIVE VOICE

REPORTED SPEECH SUBJUNCTIVE S + advise/ask/demand/insist/propose/recommend /request/ suggest that + S + present subjunctive ( infinitive form) It is imperative/important/necessary/vital / urgent that + S + present subjunctive ( infinitive form) Ex : She advised that he go to see the doctor It is vital that she deliver the parcel today

ADJECTIVES SUFFIXES

ADJECTIVES PREFIXES

COMPOUND ADJECTIVE

ORDER OF ADJECTIVES

ADVERBS WITH TWO FORMS AND DIFFERENT MEANINGS Direct = by the shortest route Directly = immediately Hard = in a hard way hardly = scarcely High = to a high level Highly = very much

ADVERBS WITH TWO FORMS AND DIFFERENT MEANINGS Short = suddenly shortly = not long, soon Right = correctly rightly = wisely Deep = going a long way down deeply = greatly

ADVERBS WITH TWO FORMS AND DIFFERENT MEANINGS Free = without charge or cost Freely = willingly Wide = fully widely = very much Last = after all others, most recently Lastly = finally

ADVERBS WITH TWO FORMS AND DIFFERENT MEANINGS Late = after the usual time Lately = recently Pretty = fairly prettily = in a pretty way

WORD ORDER OF ADVERBS OF MANNER , PLACE AND TIME

WORD ORDER OF ADVERBS OF MANNER , PLACE AND TIME

WORD ORDER OF ADVERBS OF MANNER , PLACE AND TIME

TYPES OF COMPARISONS AND SIMILARITIES

TYPES OF COMPARISONS AND SIMILARITIES

TYPES OF COMPARISONS AND SIMILARITIES

TYPES OF COMPARISONS AND SIMILARITIES

TYPES OF COMPARISONS AND SIMILARITIES

TYPES OF COMPARISONS AND SIMILARITIES

AS vs LIKE

AS vs LIKE

CONDITIONALS

THE PLURAL OF NOUNS

THE PLURAL OF NOUNS

THE PLURAL OF NOUNS

THE PLURAL OF NOUNS

THE PLURAL OF NOUNS

THE PLURAL OF NOUNS

THE PLURAL OF NOUNS

CAUSATIVE FORM Get + O + to inf : make or persuade somebody to do something Ex : The coach got the players to train hard for five hours everyday. Get + O + _ing form : make somebody/something start doing something Ex : Once you get her talking about her travel, she never stops.

CLAUSE OF PURPOSE

CLAUSE OF PURPOSE

CLAUSE OF PURPOSE

CLAUSE OF RESULT

CLAUSE OF RESULT

CLAUSE OF CONCESSION

CLAUSE OF CONCESSION

CLAUSE OF CONCESSION

CLAUSE OF REASON In view of + the fact that + Clause Ex : The scheme was abandoned in view of the fact that it was proving unpopular Out of + N : express a motive for an action Ex : I had a look just out of curiosity

CLAUSE OF REASON

INVERSION

INVERSION

INVERSION