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Supporting document for The Potential Source Materials for Recurring Slope Lineae on Mars: Subsurface Hydrous Chlorides and Oxychlorine Salts (HyCOS) Authors: Alian Wang1, Zongcheng Ling2, Y. C. Yan1, Alfred S. McEwen3, Michael T. Mellon4, Michael D. Smith5, Bradley L. Jolliff1, James Head6 Affiliations: 1Dept. Earth and Planetary Sciences and McDonnell Center for Space Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, 63130, USA; 2Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Astronomy and Solar-Terrestrial Environment, Institute of Space Sciences, Shandong University, Weihai, 264209, China; 3Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, 85721, USA; 4Applied Physics Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University, Laurel, Maryland, 20723, USA 5NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, 20771, USA 6Dept. Earth, Environmental and Planetary Sciences, Brown University, Rhode Island, 02912, USA; This document contains: Figure S1. Stability field and phase boundaries of hydrous Mg-sulfates Figure S2. Stability field and phase boundaries of hydrous Fe3+-sulfates Figure S1. Stability field and phase boundaries of hydrous Fe2+-sulfates Table S1. RHbuffer (T) of ten EH buffers used in experiment #1

brine Figure S1. Stability fields and phase boundaries of hydrous Mg-sulfates 1,2,3 Notice the 7w-deliquescence boundary intersects with 273K isothermal line at about 95%RH. Am=amorphousMgSO4·xH2O (x<3), LH-1w=Low Humidity MgSO4·H2O; 4w=MgSO4·4H2O, 6w=MgSO4·6H2O, 7w=MgSO4·7H2O, LT-7w=low temperature MgSO4·7H2O , 11w=MgSO4·11H2O, deliq=deliquescence, meta=metastable.

brine Figure S2. Stability fields and phase boundaries of hydrous Fe3+ -sulfates 4,5,6,7, Notice the 20W-deliquescence boundary intersects with 273K isothermal line at about 75 %RH. 4w=FeHSO4·4H2O, 5w=Fe2(SO4)3.5H2O, 7w=Fe2(SO4)3.7H2O, p9w=paracoquimbite =Fe2(SO4)3.9H2O, 20w=Fe4.67(SO4)6(OH)2.20H2O, Am=amorphous Fe2(SO4)3.5H2O, deliq=deliquescence.

Chou et al., 2002 10 brine Figure S3. Stability fields and phase boundaries of hydrous Fe2+ -sulfates 8,9 Notice the 7w-deliquescence boundary intersects with 273K isothermal line at about 96%RH. 1w=FeSO4·H2O; deliq=deliquescence.

Table S1. RHbuffer (T) of ten EH buffers used in experiment #1 323K 294K 278K LiBr 5.5 6.6 7.4 LiCl 11.3 MgCl2 30.5 33.0 33.6 Mg(NO3)2 45.4 54.1 58.9 NaBr 51.5 58.8 63.5 KI 64.5 70.0 73.3 NaCl 74.4 75.4 75.7 KCl 81.2 85.0 87.7 KNO3 84.8 94.4 96.3 H2O 100 100.0 *Data from Greenspan 197711.

References cited in supporting document: Wang Alian, Freeman J. F., Jolliff B. L., Chou I. M, (2006) Sulfates on Mars: a Systematic Raman Spectroscopic Study of Hydration States of Magnesium Sulfates, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, V70, p6118-6135. Wang Alian, John J. Freeman, Bradley, L. Jolliff (2009), Phase Transition Pathways of the Hydrates of Magnesium Sulfate in the Temperature Range 50 ºC to 5 ºC: Implication for Sulfates on Mars, J. Geophys. Res., 114, doi:10.1029/2008JE003266. Wang Alian, J. J. Freeman, I-Ming Chou, B. L. Jolliff (2011), Stability of Mg-sulfates at -10C and the Rates of Dehydration/Rehydration Processes under Mars Relevant Conditions, J. Geophys. Res., Res., 116, E12006, doi:10.1029/2011JE003818. Wang Alian, Ling Z. C. Freeman J. J. (2012) Stability field and Phase Transition Pathways of Hydrous Ferric Sulfates in the Temperature Range 50 °C to 5 °C: Implication for Martian Sulfates, Icaru, 218, 622-643, doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2012.01.003. Kong, W. G., Alian Wang, and I-M. Chou (2011), Determination of phase boundary between kornelite and pentahydrated Ferric Sulfate by humidity buffer technique and Raman spectroscopy at 0.1 Mpa. Chemical Geology, Vol 284, 333-338. Kong W. G., Alian Wang, John J. Freeman, and Pablo Sobron (2011), A Comprehensive Spectroscopic Study of Synthetic Fe2+, Fe3+, Mg2+, Al3+ Copiapite, J. Raman Spectroscopy, doi10.1002/jrs.2790. Ling Z. C., Alian Wang (2010), A Systematic Spectroscopic Study of Eight Hydrous Ferric Sulfates Relevant to Mars, Icarus, 209, 422-433, doi:/10.1016/j.icarus.2010.05.009. Alian Wang and Kathryn Connor, 2014, Stability fields of hydrous ferrous sulfates and their pathways in dehydration-rehydration processes, Abs #1070 for 8th International Conference on Mars Wang Alian, Yuhang Zhou (2014) Experimental Comparison of the Pathways and Rates of the Dehydration of Al-, Fe-, Mg-, and Ca-Sulfates under Mars Relevant Conditions, ICARUS, 234, 162-173. Chou I.M., R. R. Seal II, B. S. Hemingway, Determination of melanterite-rozenite and Chalcanthite-bonattite equilibria by humidity measurements at 0.1 Mpa, Am. Mineralogists, V87, p108-114. Greenspan, L. Humidity fixed points of binary saturated aqueous solution. J. Res. Natl. Bureau of Standards—A. Phys. Chem. 81A (1), 89–96 (1977).