The Persian Wars Greece’s Finest Hours

Where is Persia?

Causes of the Conflict Ionia (Greek settlement off the coast of Asia Minor (Persia) Conquered by Persia (revolted- 499 B.C. E.) Athens sent troops to support the revolt

Crushing the Revolt Darius (Emperor)- crushed the revolt and decided to “punish” the Athenians Invaded Greece (490 B.C.E.)- Bay of Marathon

The Battle of Marathon Persian troops—100,000 v. Athenian troops—20,000 Persians Overconfident, and poorly organized Athenians (victorious) Well-trained army (phalanx formation) Very structured and disciplined Hoplite

Phalanx

Connection to the Past Pheidippides “ran” from Marathon to Athens (26 miles) Died from exhaustion after delivering his message

Revenge Darius never returned, but his son, Xerxes, did (480 B.C.E.) Thermopylae Pass (passageway into Greece) 7,000 Greeks (300 Spartans) v. 60,000 Persians (10,000 Immortals) Xerxes

The Battle of Thermopylae Two day battle Greeks betrayed (Persians wrapped around form behind) Spartans stayed and fought Persians invaded and burned Athens down