BIOENERGETICS.

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Presentation transcript:

BIOENERGETICS

What is Bioenergetics? The study of energy in living systems (environments) and the organisms (plants and animals) that utilize them

Energy Required by all organisms May be Kinetic or Potential energy

Kinetic Energy Energy of Motion Heat and light energy are examples

Potential Energy Energy of position Includes energy stored in chemical bonds

Two Types of Energy Reactions

Endergonic Reactions Chemical reaction that requires a net input of energy. Photosynthesis 6CO2 + 6H2O  C6H12O6 + 6O2 SUN photons Light Energy (glucose)

Exergonic Reactions Chemical reactions that releases energy Cellular Respiration C6H12O6 + 6O2  6CO2 + 6H2O+ ATP (glucose) Energy

Metabolic Reactions of Cells

What is Metabolism? The sum total of the chemical activities of all cells.

Two Types of Metabolism Anabolic Pathways Catabolic Pathways

Anabolic Pathway Metabolic reactions, which consume energy (endergonic), to build complicated molecules from simpler compounds. Photosynthesis 6CO2 + 6H2O  C6H12O6 + 6O2 SUN light energy (glucose)

Catabolic Pathway Metabolic reactions which release energy (exergonic) by breaking down complex molecules in simpler compounds Cellular Respiration C6H12O6 + 6O2  6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP (glucose) energy

Copyright Cmassengale Cellular Energy - ATP Copyright Cmassengale

ATP Components: 1. adenine: nitrogenous base 2. ribose: five carbon sugar 3.phosphate group: chain of 3 adenine P phosphate group ribose

Adenosine Triphosphate Three phosphate groups-(two with high energy bonds Last phosphate group (PO4) contains the MOST energy

Breaking the Bonds of ATP Process is called phosphorylation Occurs continually in cells Enzyme ATP-ase can weaken & break last PO4 bond releasing energy & free PO4

How does ATP work ? Organisms use enzymes to break down energy-rich glucose to release its potential energy This energy is trapped and stored in the form of adenosine triphosphate(ATP)

How Much ATP Do Cells Use? It is estimated that each cell will generate and consume approximately 10,000,000 molecules of ATP per second

Coupled Reaction - ATP ATP ADP + P The exergonic hydrolysis of ATP is coupled with the endergonic dehydration process by transferring a phosphate group to another molecule. ATP H2O ADP + P H2O

Hydrolysis of ATP ATP + H2O  ADP + P (exergonic) Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) Hydrolysis (add water) P + Adenosine diphosphate (ADP)

Hyrolysis is Exergonic Energy Used by Cells

Dehydration of ATP ADP + P  ATP + H2O (endergonic) Dehydration (Remove H2O P + Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) P Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

Dehydration is Endergonic Energy is restored in Chemical Bonds