Chapter 7 And Article I of the Constitution Congress Chapter 7 And Article I of the Constitution

This unit covers Qualifications Powers and checks Structure Leadership How a bill becomes a law Demographics How members make decisions more

Qualifications for office House 25 years old Citizen for at least 7 years Senate 30 years old Citizen for at least 9 years Both: must be legal residents of their states

T7-2 Comprehensive: Table 7.2, Page 231; Brief: Table 6.1, Page 170 What are the key differences between the House of Representatives and the Senate? 4

Powers of Congress Congress makes laws Power of the purse: $$ Oversight And MORE

Table 7.1- The Powers of Congress Back

Checks on other branches Congress can impeach the president Congress confirms presidential appointments Congress establishes size and structure of Supreme Court

Impeachment 1 House Judiciary Committee Votes to have hearings House Back to Judiciary Committee Has hearings votes to have impeachment trial

Impeachment 2 House Votes to have trial. Senate Impeachment trial here. Chief Justice of Supreme Court presides. 2/3 majority required for conviction

Table 7.7- Impeachment Back

Is it easier to pass a bill or defeat a bill? 9000 bills 10% make it http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mEJL2Uuv-oQ

Filibuster and Cloture http://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/briefing/Filibuster_Cloture.htm

T7-9 Comprehensive: Table 7.5, Page 241; Brief: Table 6.4, Page 178 14

Committee membership Why do members want to get on committees (and specific committees)? Interest Personal District’s or State’s Access to pork or earmarks Pad resume: good for campaigning Chairs have agenda-setting power!

House Rules Committee Date the bill will come up for debate Time allotted for discussion What kinds of amendments can be made (or none)

Committees Size Chairs: How many? set in Senate decided in House with each session (ave 31 members) Chairs: Majority Party members Term limits of 6 years passed in the 1990s for both chambers How many? House average: 1.8 committees + 3 sub Senate average: 3-4 committees + 7 sub

Structure and Leadership What is a “divided government”? Majority Party Minority Party Speaker of the House: John Boehner Voted on by all members

House Parties vote on Who is our Representative? Majority and Minority Leaders: who are they? Party whips http://www.house.gov Who is our Representative? http://www.house.gov/larsen/

Senate Vice president Senate Pro-Tempore http://www.senate.gov Leadership: http://www.senate.gov/pagelayout/senators/a_three_sections_with_teasers/leadership.htm

Who are our Senators from Washington? http://murray.senate.gov/ http://cantwell.senate.gov/

T7-7 Comprehensive: Figure 7.3, Page 236; Brief: Figure 6.3, Page 174 How are the House of Representatives and the Senate organized? Source: Adapted from Roger H. Davidson and Walter J. Oleszek, Congress and its Members, 10th ed. (Washington, DC: CQ Press, 2006.) Updated by the authors. 22

Stats on Congress Party Make-up: 112th House: 193 D 242 R 112th Senate: 51 D 47 R 2 I 111th Senate: 58 D 40 R 2 I 110th Senate: 49 D 49 R 2 I 109th Senate: 44 D 55 R 1 I

How many of the 100 current Senators are women? B. 17 C. 25 D. 44

How many in all of US History? B. 54 C. 76 D. 112 http://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/briefing/women_senators.htm

Women 17 in the Senate + 72 in the House of Representatives, for a total of 89 http://www.cawp.rutgers.edu/fast_facts/elections/election_watch.php

How many African Americans are Senators now? B. 6 C. 11 D. 15

How many in all of US History? B. 6 C. 19 D. 35

George White Last African Am of Reconstruction era in Congress Left House in 1901.  "This, Mr. Chairman, is perhaps the negroes’ temporary farewell to the American Congress," White declared in his final months as a Representative, "but let me say, Phoenix-like he will rise up someday and come again.” http://baic.house.gov/member-profiles/profile.html?intID=22  Not another Af Am for 28 years.

How many Asian-Americans have been Senators? How many Native Americans? How many Latinos? http://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/briefing/minority_senators.htm

T7-4 Comprehensive: Figure 7.1, Page 233; Brief: Figure 6.1, Page 171 How many women and minorities serve in Congress? Source: Data compiled by the authors. 32

Female and Minority Members

How Members Make Decisions Party Constituents Colleagues and Caucuses Logrolling (vote trading) Interest Groups, Lobbyists, and PACS Staff and Support Agencies

3 theories of representation Trustee Delegate Politico

T7-11 Comprehensive: Analyzing Visuals, Page 255; Brief: Analyzing Visuals, Page 190 36

What are the advantages of incumbency? Comprehensive: Table 7.4, Page 234; Brief: Table 6.3, Page 172 What are the advantages of incumbency? 37

T7-6 Comprehensive: Figure 7.2, Page 235; Brief: Figure 6.2, Page 173 What is gerrymandering? Sources: David Van Biema, “Snakes or Ladders?” Time (July 12, 1993) © 1993, Time Inc. Reprinted by permission. Illinois General Assembly. 38

What are the congressional support agencies? Comprehensive: Table 7.6, Page 258 What are the congressional support agencies? 39

Table 7.4- A Day in the Life of a Member

What is a typical day like for a member of Congress? Comprehensive: Table 7.3, Page 232; Brief: Table 6.2, Page 171 What is a typical day like for a member of Congress? 41

Congress Party stats links http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=111th_Congress http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/112th_United_States_Congress