SCIENCE GROUP

Knowledge-based learning objectives The learner should be able to: Define water pollution Explain causes of water pollution Explain effects of water pollution

Derived competency – based learning objectives Learners should be able to: Demonstrate water pollution Relate various environmental conditions/situations to water pollution Assess causes of water pollution Describe the effects of water pollution Appreciate the importance of preventing water pollution and environmental conservation in general

Core competencies to be met Critical thinking Collaboration/co-operation learning Communicating in English Digital literacy/technology Learning to learn

Structure/Organisation The book Structure/Organisation Topic Brief Introduction Subtopic Sample activities Remember platform – to highlight cross-cutting issues Self-check test

TOPIC 6 WATER POLLUTION Introduction Look at the following pictures with a friend then discuss the questions below. A – Animals excreting in water source, B – people washing clothes in river, C – Farmer spraying pesticides on crops, D – Dead fish floating in polluted water What is happening in each picture? What is the relationship between pictures A, B & C and picture D? What does this tell you about what you will learn in this topic?

6.1 Meaning of Water pollution Activity 6.1 Your teacher will provide you with clean water in a glass, soil sample, oil and ink. Do the following: Mix some water with soil. Is the water clean or dirty? Add some ink into the water in the glass. What happens? a/w – water mixed with ink 3.Repeat step 2 above with oil. What happens? Talk to your friend about the results of these experiments. Write a report and present to the rest of the class

Water can either be clean or dirty Water can either be clean or dirty. When we have things such as soil, oil, ink or others such as polythene bags and chemicals dissolved or suspended in water, it is dirty water. Such water is said to be polluted. Polluted water is not good for use. It can cause health problems. Work to do Have you ever come across dirty what in your home area? What things were present in that water that made it dirty. List them in your exercise books.

6.2 Causes of water pollution Activity 6.2 Your teacher will take you for a field visit to observe a polluted water environment. Do the following: Write down what you can see in that environment. What caused them? What would you have done differently to prevent what you have seen? a/w – Pupils in a field trip observing polluted river. Show dead fish floating on water 3. Go back to class and watch the video provided by your teacher. Compare what you saw during the field visit and what you can see in the video. Are there any similarities? 4. Write a report and present to the rest of the class

Water pollution occurs when: We throw rubbish into water bodies Animals release their wastes in water bodies We urinate or defaecate in water Industrial wastes are directed into water bodies such as rivers Chemicals such as pesticides and fertilisers are swept into water bodies when it rains Acid rain gets into water bodies REMEMBER! We should always avoid activities that cause water pollution! Further Activity During your free time, find out from your parent or guardian what causes water pollution in your home area. What would you advise the community around to do to avoid water pollution?

6.3 Effects of water pollution Activity 6.3 Refer to your findings in Activity 6.2 above and discuss these questions in groups of four: When we pollute water, what happens? What are the bad things or good things about the happenings above? Should we encourage or discourage behaviours that lead to water pollution? Why is this the case?

Some ways through which water pollution affects us include: Oil and chemicals interfere with aquatic life. This leads to death of fish and aquatic plants. Acid rains corrode buildings and steel structures making them expensive to maintain. When we drink polluted water, we can become sick. Polluted water is not good for doing domestic jobs such as washing and cleaning in general. Polluted water cannot be used in industries.

Self-check test What is water pollution? Give examples of causes of water pollution in your home area. Nelima likes fishing in Lake Nyando located near their home. However, Nelima was getting concerned because she was not finding any fish in the lake of late. Sometimes, she even found dead fish in the lake. What should she advise her villagemates? What should we do to prevent water pollution in our communities.

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