Use of a navigation lock as a barrier against the spread of invasive species Allen Hammack, PE US Army Corps of Engineers Engineer R&D Center Coastal and Hydraulics Laboratory September 20, 2017

GLMRIS was created to stop the spread of ANS to the Great Lakes ANS – aquatic nuisance species (particularly Asian carp) Electric barriers, water treatment, navigation locks, etc. Brandon Road Lock

How could a navigation lock be used to prevent the spread of ANS? Upper pool Lower pool likely has ANS (adults, juveniles, eggs, DNA, etc.) Upper pool is clean As vessels/tows transit a lock, can the lock chamber be cleaned or flushed? Lower pool Brandon Road Lock

The lock flushing concepts fall into two categories Lock filling and emptying system Type 1 – existing Type 5 – redesigned to USACE guidance Flow through upstream gate sill Type 3 – series of pipes

The same modeling approach was used for each flushing concept Predict flushing effectiveness/efficiency by tracking flushing flow in chamber AdH Navier-Stokes Moving free surface Previous analytical modeling and literature review provided: Flushing geometries, flushing discharges Flow domain included portion of upper pool, lock chamber to D/S miter gates Chamber: 110 ft X 670 ft X ~15 ft Flushing discharges: Type 1 – 1,350 cfs; Type 3 – 3,000 cfs; Type 5 – 2,600 cfs

A 3D computational mesh was developed for each lock flushing geometry

A 3D computational mesh was developed for each lock flushing geometry

Animations of the concentration plots give an indication of the flushing performance Flushing time = 0 minutes Flushing time = 5 minutes Flushing time = 10 minutes Orange = 100% original lock water, dark blue = 0% original lock water Change from orange to blue indicates original chamber water dilution Concentrations vary in time and space Flushing flow is introduced into lock chamber either through side ports or at upstream end

For Type 1, the original lock chamber water is diluted slowly throughout the chamber 40 minutes of flushing; 1 minute between frames

For Type 5, the original lock chamber water is diluted in the chamber more quickly 40 minutes of flushing; 1 minute between frames

For Type 3, the original lock chamber water is diluted upstream to downstream 40 minutes of flushing; 1 minute between frames

Evaluate lock flushing concepts by monitoring original chamber water concentration How to read a single curve on the plot: Choose a flushing time Move up to a dilution curve Move left to see how much of the lock chamber is at that concentration

Evaluate lock flushing concepts by monitoring original chamber water concentration How to read a single curve on the plot: Choose a flushing time Move up to a dilution curve Move left to see how much of the lock chamber is at that concentration

Evaluate lock flushing concepts by monitoring original chamber water concentration How to read multiple curves at a single time on the plot: Choose a flushing time Move up to a dilution curve Move left to see how much of the lock chamber is at each concentration level

Evaluate lock flushing concepts by monitoring original chamber water concentration How to read multiple curves at a single time on the plot: Choose a flushing time Move up to a dilution curve Move left to see how much of the lock chamber is at each concentration level

The concentration reduction results show how well the lock flushing concepts perform Type 1 Type 5 Type 3 The curves moving to the upper left indicates more efficient flushing Type 5 is more efficient than Type 1 Type 5 has a benefit of reducing the lock filling time A variation of Type 3 will probably be the most efficient at flushing

More information on this study is publicly available http://glmris.anl.gov/brandon-rd/ Appendix E – Hydrology and Hydraulics Allen Hammack allen.hammack@usace.army.mil

Type 1 does not show sufficient flushing in a feasible time Convection-dominated Provides a baseline (“do nothing” case) Clean chamber (99.9% dilution) almost nowhere in chamber after 30 minutes of flushing Poor filling performance (~19 minutes)

Type 5 shows improved but still rather slow flushing performance Convection-dominated Noticeable cleaning (95% dilution) in chamber after 17 minutes of flushing Reduced filling time could compensate for flushing time delay

Type 3 is more efficient in flushing than Types 1 and 5 Advection-dominated Significant cleaning (99.9% dilution) in chamber after 27 minutes of flushing