DECEMBER 10th

Course assessment Assignment – life-long learning: 5% Mid-term exam: 25% Human rights quiz: 5% Case study: 15% Final exam: 50%

Learning outcomes… To interpret the roles and responsibilities of a Professional Engineer To apply the Professional Engineers Act and professional ethics to example scenarios To use relevant legal principles related to engineering practice To critique individual learning need(s) and knowledge gaps To communicate effectively, in a professional matter, technical AND non-technical contents to wide variety of audience. To demonstrate use of Ontario Human Rights and Accessibility laws

Mid-semester feedback - What has worked well so far? Short assignments, in class case studies Kahoots and midterm review. The PDF files for the mixes are provided and the lecture slides cover them well too. Ethical problem examples in class, pre-tests and post-tests in mixes, socrative quizzes The in-class discussions and quizzes - make the concepts less abstract The course is very interactive. The law aspect of the course The office mixes Use of class time to answer questions and solve problems Examples of what you expect from us. A mid-course feedback, rather than just one at the end!

Mid-semester feedback - What has not worked so well? Dry lectures The setup of Moodle is kind of confusing. Hard to hear your voice in class and in the mixes. I have trouble with answering the socrative quizzes and kahoots sometimes but would like this to carry on. The Office Mixes are difficult to view depending on the web browser More time than the given time on the test to reflect better. It would be better if the in class discussion can be posted The terms being used in this course. Watching the videos has been a struggle The quizzes in class take up a large amount of class time and do not add much in terms of content.

Mid-semester feedback - What would you like to see? Maybe tutorials or something where small groups can work with a TA or professor to go through case studies Documentary on some of the cases. Instead of having a class discussion regarding a case, maybe have us watch a video in class about it first. The group project rubric or details could have been out earlier in the term It would be great to have a component of the in-class quizzes on our final grade. Maybe more hands on experiments Tests and exams open-book Analysis of lawsuits against corporations that harm the public welfare and environment yet seem to get away with their crime. Maybe some examples from other fields of engineering like computing or electronics - for example, is there a way to judge if a program is harmful to the general public

Professional Engineering. Where is this? What is this room for, specifically?

Final Law mixes now available (as of late last night)

Today’s focus – remaining law content Intellectual property Privacy and security laws Software laws Geospatial data laws Space laws

Intellectual property What types are there (I’m looking for 6 – although you could find 8+)?

Intellectual property What types are there (I’m looking for 6 – although you could find 8+)? Copyright patent industrial design trademark trade secret confidential information (semiconductor design, plant varieties) When should I use each?

Copyright What are the two necessary conditions for copyright? How long do copy rights exist for? What are moral rights?

Copyright Only works that are original and fixed are protected by copyright. A work is considered “original” when it is the product of the author’s own skill, judgment and creativity, • has not been copied and demonstrates more than a trivial, mechanical level of skill and judgment. A work is “fixed” when it is produced onto any media, like paper or within a digital file. Purely oral expression does not qualify for copyright Ideas are not usually capable of being owned by anyone; The expression of ideas, if recorded, may have a copyright Copyright exists for author's life plus 50 years except for photographs, sound recordings and films of live events, where a straight 50 year term from creation applies Authors have "moral rights" to have their work properly attributed, and not to have it distorted or modified so as to prejudice their honour or reputation. This can only be waived, not assigned to anyone else

What is required for a patent? How long do patent rights exist? How soon after filing is a patent made public?

What is required for a patent? Must be: new — first in the world (but can be a “new improvement”) useful — functional and operative; and inventive — show ingenuity and not be obvious to someone of average skill in the field Can be granted for a product a composition (e.g., a chemical composition); an apparatus a process or an improvement on any of these. Patents expire 20 years after the patent application was filed Patents are made public 18 months after filing

What is novelty?

What is novelty? If a single, publicly disclosed example of prior art contains all the information needed to produce the claimed invention, this may lead to disproving novelty Any such disclosure must not have occurred by the applicant more than a year before filing in a way that was publicly visible, or by anyone else before the claim date in a way that was publicly visible (including a prior patent filing A lack of novelty is often referred to as "anticipation“, with an 8-part test. The prior art mist give: an exact prior description; directions which if followed will result in at least part of the invention; clear and unmistakable directions; information which is equal to that given by the subject patent; information so that a person grappling with the same problem must be able to say "that gives me what I wish"; information to a non-expert in a way they would recognize the invention; in the absence of explicit directions, teach an "inevitable result" which "can only be proved by experiments"; and satisfy all these tests in a single document.

Non-obviousness The test is that an "unimaginative skilled technician” through general knowledge and literature and information available on the subject at the time of application would not have come up with the invention without difficulty

How can I get value from IP?

How can I get value from IP? license/royalties assignment/sale equity/start up company contracts/consulting work trade secrets

Other laws Privacy laws - federal Provincial Privacy act – federal government institutions PIPEDA – applied to anyone undertaking federal work (e.g. contractor) Provincial FIPPA MFIPPA PHIPA

Which of these is personal information? Name Opinions about an individual Birth date Income Physical description Medical history Gender Religion Address Political affiliations and beliefs Education Employment Visual images where individuals may be identified

Security of information act Secret information obtained in contravention of the act, OR communicated without authorization, used for a foreign power, retained when expected to be disposed of, or FAILED TO TAKE reasonable care of the information Penalty – 2 years to LIFE imprisonment What are the levels of information security?

Security of information act Secret information obtained in contravention of the act, OR communicated without authorization, used for a foreign power, retained when expected to be disposed of, or FAILED TO TAKE reasonable care of the information Penalty – 2 years to LIFE imprisonment What are the levels of information security? Protected - Unauthorized disclosure could reasonably be expected to cause injury to an individual interest such as a person or an organization. Protected A - Injury to an individual, organization or government. Protected B - Serious injury to an individual, organization or government. Protected C - Extremely grave injury to an individual, organization or government. Classified - Unauthorized disclosure could reasonably be expected to cause injury to the defence and maintenance of the social, political and economic stability of Canada. Confidential - Injury to the national interest. Secret - Serious injury to the national interest Top Secret - Exceptionally grave injury to the national interest

Arms control Recognition by international community of the need to limit development of nuclear, chemical, biological weapons, by the world at large Agreement not to have weapons in space (Outer Space Treaty, Article IV) Nuclear Test Ban Treaty Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty Dual-use technologies Biological and Toxins Weapons Convention Somewhat ironic, countries pushing the agreements themselves have already developed these weapons Export controls: DFAIT Controlled goods - CGP

What does export mean?