Units 5, 6 and 7 Review

Unit 5 – Industrialization and Immigration The Industrial Revolution was a fundamental change in the way goods were produced, from human labor to machines. Occurred in America from 1814-1860. Spurred economic growth as it became easier to produce things on a mass scale. The North industrialized, while the South stuck to agriculture.

Unit 5 – Industrialization and Immigration Factories were crowded, dark, and dirty Workers toiled from dawn to dusk Young children worked with dangerous machinery Employment of women and children put men out of work Women and children were paid less for the same work Technological unemployment – workers lost their jobs as their labor was replaced by machines

Unit 5 – Industrialization and Immigration Effects of industrialization Rapid Urbanization Decline of the landowner aristocracy (factories became more valuable than land) Furthered the Women’s Rights Movement now that women could have economic independence Rise of Labor Unions Led to massive immigration to fill jobs in factories

Unit 5 – Industrialization and Immigration Factors abroad pushed poor Europeans into the US (most against their will, with almost no money, only the will to survive) Most immigrants were emotionally tied to their homelands and faced hard times in the assimilation process (young adapted much more quickly than the old) They would flood the cities in the 1800’s and be forced into the tenements and factory jobs The factory owners encouraged this immigration as they needed cheap, unskilled labor and these poverty-stricken immigrants were exactly what they wanted- the immigrants were easy to control

Unit 6 – Manifest Destiny and Westward Migration Texas Rebellion and the Mexican-American War Mexico was allowing Americans to move into Texas. The American settlers did not want to follow Mexican laws (no slavery!!). The Americans start a rebellion for Texas independence and the win. Texas is annexed by the US, this would cause the Mexican-American War. The US wins, taking the northern half of Mexico with the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. This increased sectional tensions as the debate over slavery increased.

Unit 6 – Manifest Destiny and Westward Migration Who moved west? Mormons (led by Brigham Young seeking religious freedom) 49’ers African Americans (Exodusters) People hoping for ownership of land, hoping to move up the social class ladder (Homestead Act) Women (experienced more freedom in the west)

Unit 6 – Manifest Destiny and Westward Migration Effects of Westward Migration Railroad, free land ended Native American way of life on Great Plains Boomtowns Destruction of Buffalo decimated Indians Reservations Ranching and mining industries grew

Unit 7 – Civil War There was a lot of sectional tension between the North and South over the issue of slavery. When Abraham Lincoln is elected president, South Carolina (later joined by 10 other southern states) secede from the Union because they thought he was going to end slavery. Lincoln’s main goal was to preserve the Union. However, he later realizes that this can only be done by ending slavery once and for all. The Union would win the war due to it’s massive industrial output, manpower, and it’s growing system of railroad and telegraph networks. Effects of the war: slavery is abolished by the 13th Amendment and proved that the federal government reigns supreme over the states.

Unit 7 – Civil War Reconstruction was the 12 year period immediately following the war. The federal government was going to rebuild the South socially, economically and politically. The South is occupied by Union soldiers to ensure that African American rights were protected. However, control over Reconstruction between President Johnson (a southern sympathizer) and the Radical Republicans would lead to Reconstruction being a mixed success. After 12 years, the North was tired of sinking money into a South that didn’t want to change and the South was tired of being occupied by the North. The Compromise of 1877 would end Reconstruction, with North withdrawing troops in order to let Republican Rutherford Hayes become president and home rule would return to the South.