Toulmin Method of Logic Claim Data Warrant/Bridge Backing/Foundation Counterclaim Rebuttal

Toulmin Method of Logic CLAIM The overall THESIS the writer will argue for

Toulmin Method of Logic DATA Evidence gathered to support the claim

Toulmin Method of Logic WARRANT (aka BRIDGE) Explanation of why or how the data supports the claim, the underlying assumption that connects your data to your claim

Toulmin Method of Logic BACKING (aka FOUNDATION) Additional logic or reasoning that may be necessary to support the warrant

Toulmin Method of Logic COUNTERCLAIM A claim that negates or disagrees with the claim/thesis (the opposing argument)

Toulmin Method of Logic REBUTTAL Evidence that negates or disagrees with the counterclaim (shoot down the counterclaim)

Toulmin Method of Logic Important: BRIDGE If you don’t adequately explain how your data supports your thesis, readers may draw very different conclusions. 2. COUNTERCLAIM/REBUTTAL If you avoid the opposing side of the argument, you come across as less credible (ETHOS) and less informed about your topic.