Chapter 18 - APUSH

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo – ended the _________ War Mexico gave up claims to Texas, California and everything in between There was debate over slavery in this area, despite the _______________ (slavery shall not exist in any land acquired from Mexico) Mexican Wilmot Proviso

Election of 1848 Polk Popular Sovereignty Democrats - _____ couldn’t run again because he had chronic diarrhea – GROSS! So they nominated Gen. Lewis Cass – pompous - but was called the “Father of _________ _____________” Do you remember what that means? Popular Sovereignty Whigs – nominated ______________ (had never even voted before). He was a hero in the ________War – owned slaves, but never mentioned his stand on expansion into the territories Zachary Taylor Mexican Free-Soil Party – against _______ in the territories “Free soil, free speech, free labor, free men” - nominated former President _______________ slavery Martin VanBuren _______ won because free-soilers took votes away from Cass Taylor

“Californy Gold” Rush Gold 1848 - ______ is discovered at Sutter’s Mill in California – people flocked there because they were losers back home and wanted to strike it rich! What are they called? Hint: they have a football team! In 1849 California adopted a constitution which _________ slavery and it applied for statehood excluded Southerners don’t like it because it upsets ________________________________________ the balance between slave and free states

-Ralph Waldo Emerson, January 1849 “If a man is going to California, he announces it with some hesitation; because it is a confession that he has failed at home.” -Ralph Waldo Emerson, January 1849 Oh what was your name in the States? Was it Thompson or Johnson or Bates? Did you murder your wife, And fly for your life? Say, what was your name in the States? - Contemporary song from 1850

The South is gettin’ frisky! Problems for the South: New Mexico, Utah and California all want to be ____ states ______(slave state) is claiming ½ of New Mexico North wants the abolition of slavery in _______________ ____________________ - Harriet Tubman – the South wants a more strict ____________ law – although they are only losing about 1,000 slaves per year, it is the principle of the thing that makes the South mad! free Texas Washington, DC Underground Railroad fugitive slave

The Great Debate in the Senate From January to March 1850 some key players debate in the Senate about what to do about the slave issue in the land we got from ________ Mexico The Players: _______________ – 73 years old (this guy just won’t die!) He said North and South should compromise (the final compromise will be his plan) 2. ________________ - 68 year old – dying from tuberculosis (he was actually too sick to give his speech) – he said leave ___________ alone, return runaways that have been hiding up North to the South, elect 2 Presidents (one from the North and one from the South) each with ______ power over the other! Dumb idea! Henry Clay John C. Calhoun slavery veto

3. ______________ – 68 years old – remember his other debate 3. ______________ – 68 years old – remember his other debate? He said the North should give concessions to the South because the North had the _______________. Abolitionists called him a ______. 4. ______________ - Senator and northern abolitionist – against compromise because he said man must obey a “higher law” which is ______law and under that slavery is wrong altogether. He later becomes Lincoln’s __________________. Daniel Webster Wilmot Proviso traitor William Seward God’s Secretary of State In 1850 Taylor dies (his wife may have poisoned him!) He was against compromise, but his replacement _______________ happily signs it! Millard Fillmore https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e_c_xpBaT2A

Compromise of 1850 California popular sovereignty Fugitive Slave The _______________________ ______________ became a free state The rest of the land acquired from Mexico would be open to ______________________. Word of the MONTH! The _________________ Law that required Northerners to return runaway slaves to their owners or face prosecution. The North called it the __________________ Law. Also called the _____________________ Bill. (you could go up North and claim that a black person was your runaway slave. They could not call witnesses in their favor or testify for themselves – so you STOLE them!) 4. The _____________________ (but not slavery) would be abolished in Washington, DC California popular sovereignty Fugitive Slave Man Stealing Bloodhound slave trade

Did it work? Massachusetts ________________ made it illegal to enforce the Fugitive Slave Law (this law did the most to antagonize the North against the South) The South was mad that ______________ was abolished in the territories slavery This is ANOTHER temporary “solution” to fix sectional differences until the Civil War finally breaks out!

Election of 1852 Franklin Pierce Democrats – nominate _______________ - he is a dark horse (what does that mean?) He supports the ___________ of 1850. Compromise Gen. Winfield Scott Whigs – nominate __________________ from Virginia – “Old Fuss and Feathers” – made a name for himself in the Mexican War. The Whig party was split – the South voted for _______________, but he was DEAD! Why would Southerners vote for Webster who was from New Hampshire? Daniel Webster Pierce _______ won because the Whig party is dying!

Sec. of War - _______________ from Mississippi Expansionist Pierce “Polk ‘em in ‘44 and Pierce ‘em in ’52” - a Mrs. Morrison original Jefferson Davis Sec. of War - _______________ from Mississippi Southerners wanted more slave territory, so Pierce devised a plan to expand in the Caribbean and Central America. Pierce sent troops (from the _____________) to try and capture _________ from Spain (it didn’t work!) ________________ - U.S. offered Spain ____________ for Cuba – if Spain refused, then the U.S. would just take it. The North found out about the plan to expand ______________ and kicked up a ruckus. Pierce dropped the idea. South Cuba $120 million Ostend Manifesto slavery

William Walker A crazy American named _______________ made himself president of Nicaragua in 1856. He wanted to get rich! A coalition of South American armies kicked him out and he was executed by the government of ____________ in 1860. Honduras Davis Another expansionist plan: Sec. of War ______ and ______________ orchestrate the Gadsden Purchase from ________________. We paid Gen. Santa Anna ____________ for this chunk of land so we could build a railroad on flat land instead of over the mountains. James Gadsden Mexico $10 million https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gn2FzuPyFlY

Another expansionist plan: Asia After GB gained trading rights with China after the _______________ War in 1842, the U.S. sent Caleb Cushing to China in order to secure U.S. trade rights. Opium Treaty of Wanghia Cushing and the Chinese signed the ______________________ - the first formal diplomatic treaty between China and the U.S. Another expansionist plan: In 1854 Pierce sent _________________________ to Japan where Perry forced them to sign a trade treaty with the U.S. - this was called the ________________________________. Commodore Matthew Perry Treaty of Kanagawa

https://www. google. com/search https://www.google.com/search?q=jimmy+fallon+gadsden+purchase&oq=jimmy+fallon+gad&aqs=chrome.0.0j69i57j0l4.3457j0j8&sourceid=chrome&es_sm=122&ie=UTF-8

Kansas-Nebraska Act Stephen Douglas ________________ - Senator from Illinois – he wants the eastern terminus to the proposed trans-continental railroad to be in Chicago (that would bring lots of business to Chicago and get him lots of VOTES) Problem: Both ________ and _________ have to become states. They are both above the ________ line in the ____________________ territory. Therefore, they both should be _________ states! _____________ wants to be a slave state. So Douglas comes up with a plan that scraps the ___________________ Compromise. Kansas Nebraska 36’30° Louisiana Purchase free Kansas Missouri

Kansas-Nebraska Act - 1854 The people of both Kansas and Nebraska would decide slavery by ________________________ Led to ____________________ - abolitionists rushed there to vote no- pro-slaveryites rushed there to vote yes- imagine that they didn’t get along very well. Crazy guy name _________________ killed 5 pro-slaveryites and chopped up their bodies! This led to the birth of the ____________ Party which wanted to stop the spread of slavery into the territories. ____________ in Congress are MAD! Abolitionists called Douglas a ________. The ________ now likes Douglas because this allows slavery where it had previously been banned. popular sovereignty “Bleeding Kansas” John Brown Republican Northerners traitor South