MDG Disparities in China An Xinli National Bureau of Statistics of China Oct. 19-21, 2011 , Philippine

Outline Relevant National Programs with MDGs in China How much progress has been made in China? What’s disparities within the country?

The relevant national programs with MDGs All-round Xiaokang Society Goals(2020) : China has its own sets of sustainable development goals, represented by the national vision of establishing “Xiao Kang,” an all-round, harmonious society, by 2020. National Action Program for Women and Children China released three NPAs for women and Children from 1995 to 2020(1995-2000,2001-2010,2011-2020). They are addressed the priorities what women and children meet in the current situation. Other working plans by line ministries National Long –term Educational Program (2011-2020) The 12th Five-year plan The Culture industry development plan , ects.

How much progress has been made in China? MDGs and Indicators Current Target Progress Goal 1: Eradicate Extreme Poverty and Hunger Halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people whose income is less than one dollar a day 3.8% 4.7% Already met Goal 2: Achieve Universal Primary Education Net enrolment rate at primary school Gross enrolment rate at junior middle school 99.4% 99.0% 100 % 100% Goal 3: Promote Gender Equality and Empower Women Primary school enrollment rate (girl / boy) Gender parity index for 5-yr retention rate (PS) Gender parity index for 3-yr for JMS Women seats account 1/3 99.44/99.36% 99.9% 102% 21.4% 30% Likely Goal 4: Reduce Child Mortality the under five mortality rate reduce by two-thirds, between 1990 and 2015, 17.2‰ 20 ‰   Already met

Goal 5: Improve Maternal Health The maternal mortality ratio reduce by three quarters between 1990 and 2015 (per 100000 birth) The skilled personnel assistant delivery The accessing rate to reproductive health 31.9 96.3% 89.5% 22 Likely Potentially Goal 6: Combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria and Other Diseases (1/100000) Incidence rate of HIV/AIDS Incidence rate of malaria Incidence rate of tuberculosis 0.057 0.55 74.27 Goal 7: Ensure Environmental Sustainability Forestry coverage Coverage Rate of Improved Drinking Water Coverage Rate of Improved Sanitation 20.36% 94.3% 63.2% 86 Goal 8: Develop a global partnership for development Make available the benefit of new technologies, especially information and communications The fixed phone penetration rate The mobile phone penetration rate The Internet penetration rate The number of internet user 22.9% 60.5% 31.8% 420 million On-going

Disparities within the whole country While China is on track nationally for most of the MDGs, inequality has increased and there is a need to work towards balanced regional economic growth and to realize sustainable development with equity. National figures mask large and growing development gaps between the relatively rich eastern coastal zone and poor central and western regions. Similarly, gender gaps still exist in some respects. The Government has an ambitious plan in place to deal with the development challenge of the western region with a view to reducing the current development gap, and the All-China Women’s Federation is also working to address gender gaps.

STATUS OF MDGs IN CHINA MDG 1: China has reduced the number of people living in poverty in rural areas from 85 million in 1990 to 35.97 million by end of 2009, thereby achieving the target of halving the proportion of people living in extreme poverty Rural poverty in 2009 Region Poverty population (million) Poverty rate (%) Eastern coast zone 1.73 0.5 Central region 12.52 3.3 Western region 23.72 8.3 Total 35.97 3.8

MDG 2: China has raised the net primary school enrolment rate from 97 MDG 2: China has raised the net primary school enrolment rate from 97.8% in 1990 to 99.4% in 2009. The gross enrolment rate for junior middle school has been raised from 66.7% in 1990 to 99% in 2009.

MDG 3: With the retention rates for boys and girls in primary school education standing at 99.4percent and 99.3percent respectively, gender disparities appear to have been eliminated. Women hold 21.3 % of the seats in the National People’s Congress in 2008. Women employment almost account 46% in 2008

NPC: the National People’s Congress NPPCC: the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference

MDG4: Since 1990s, reported infant mortality rate dropped from 50 MDG4: Since 1990s, reported infant mortality rate dropped from 50.2% in 1991 to 13.8% in 2009

The mortality rate of children under-five dropped from 61%in 1991 to 17.2% in 2009.

MDG 5: Maternal mortality ratio has dropped from 80 per 100,000 live births in 1991 to 31.9 per 100,000 live births in 2009 but these national figures mask important disparities between eastern developed provinces and western poorer provinces of China.

MDG 6: If the epidemic continues to expand, the rate is slowing MDG 6: If the epidemic continues to expand, the rate is slowing. In late 2009, China reported that the number of estimated HIV cases has risen to 740,000. Prevalence among the total population as a whole was 0.057percent

MDG 7: Land covered by forest has increased from 16. 55% in 1998 to 20 MDG 7: Land covered by forest has increased from 16.55% in 1998 to 20.36% in 2008. Over 200,000 water supply projects have been launched to provide access to safe drinking water for 220 million rural residents. This means that this MDG target on safe drinking water has been achieved six years ahead of schedule.

MDG 8: Since 2000, China has carried out over 1,000 projects in more than 120 countries within the South-South cooperation framework. China has forgiven 380 interest-free loans due at the end of 2006 owed by 50 of the least-developed countries that have diplomatic relations with China and other poor countries that carry heavy debts. Between 1998 and 2010, the number of internet users in China has risen from 2.1 million to 420 million.

Source: China Statistical Year book

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