Sensation and Perception--VISION

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Presentation transcript:

Sensation and Perception--VISION The Biological Basis of Behavior: Unit III

4.2 Vision (How does the eye enable vision?) Light The eye Color vision Color blindness

Light Light is electromagnetic energy. Not all light is visible to humans. We only see a small spectrum of waves. Wavelengths vary from fractions of an inch to miles. (Distance between 2 wave crests.) ROY G BIV

The Eye Similar to a camera with film. Outer clear membrane-Cornea Amount of light that enters the eye is determined by the size of the opening in the colored muscular tissue (Iris). Pupil-the opening of the eye. Adjusts automatically Sensitive to emotions

The Eye (contd.) Lens-the transparent structure of the eye that focuses light on the retina. Adjusts to the distance of objects by changing its thickness. Squinting

The Eye (contd.) Retina Photoreceptors the light-sensitive inner surface of the eye that contains the rods, cones, and neurons that process visual stimuli. Photoreceptors the neurons that are sensitive to light (rods & cones).

The Eye (contd.) The Blind Spot Rods and Cones Where the optic nerve exits the eye. Lacks photoreceptors Rods and Cones Rods-sensitive to brightness (b&w). 125 million Cones-sensitive to color. 7 million

The Eye (contd.) Dark and Light Adaptation Your adaptation to see in low light continues to improve for up to 45 minutes. Adaptation to bright light happens much more quickly. Why?

The Eye (contd.) Visual Acuity The sharpness of vision Eye exams Snellen Chart Near sighted Far sighted Your lens harden during middle age.

LASIK eye surgery http://www.lasikmd.com/montreal/procedures-technology/procedures/lasik/standard (2:35)

The Eye (contd.) Color vision Wavelength of light determines the color People with normal color vision see any color in the spectrum of visible light. Dogs and cats see fewer colors Insects, birds, fish, and reptiles experience a wide variety of colors

The Eye (contd.) The Color Circle Colors of the spectrum bent into a wheel Opposite colors are complimentary

The Eye (contd.) Cones and Color Vision Trichromatic Theory-cones are sensitive to either blue, green, or red. Images you see on TV consist of thousands of small pixels. Various combinations create the spectrum

The Eye (contd.) Afterimages The afterimage of a color is its complimentary color. You perceive an afterimage when you have viewed a color for a while and then the color is removed. (Rod/Cone fatigue) Opponent Process Theory Red vs Green Blue vs Yellow

The Eye (contd.) Color Blindness People without normal vision are said to be “color blind.” Absence or malfunction of the cones Particularly common is red-green color blindness

http://news. nationalgeographic http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2012/09/120907-men-women-see-differently-science-health-vision-sex/

Color Constancy http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2015/02/28/science/white-or-blue-dress.html?_r=1 https://www.wired.com/2015/02/science-one-agrees-color-dress/