Chapter 11 Section 2 PLANTATIONS AND SLAVERY

1 COTTON GIN – 1793 invention that makes the cotton cleaning process easier

THE COTTON GIN BY ELI WHITNEY

THE COTTON GIN

Before one person could clean one pound of cotton a day 1 Before one person could clean one pound of cotton a day Now one person could clean 50 pounds of cotton a day

American Production of Raw Cotton, 1790-1860 (bales) Year Production 1790 3,135 1815 208,986 1840 1,346,232 1795 16,719 1820 334,378 1845 1,804,223 1800 73,145 1825 532,915 1850 2,133,851 1805 146,290 1830 731,452 1855 3,217,417 1810 177,638 1835 1,060,711 1860 3,837,402

SLAVE LIFE ON A SOUTHERN COTTON PLANTATION

SLAVE POPULATION IN 1830

Ways that the Cotton Gin changed life in the south: 2 Ways that the Cotton Gin changed life in the south: 1) Triggered more cotton production in the west

2) Made cotton the KING crop of the south

Population of the South 1790-1860 by type Year White Free Nonwhite Slave 1790 1,240,454 32,523 654,121 1800 1,691,892 61,575 851,532 1810 2,118,144 97,284 1,103,700 1820 2,867,454 130,487 1,509,904 1830 3,614,600 175,074 1,983,860 1840 4,601,873 207,214 2,481,390 1850 6,184,477 235,821 3,200,364 1860 8,036,700 253,082 3,950,511

SLAVE CROPS IN THE SOUTH - 1860

2 3) More Native Americans were moved off their land so it could be used to grow cotton

2 4) Slavery continues to be the major source of labor and more slaves are needed

3 Most of the slaves in the South were on huge plantations, not smaller farms

SLAVE LIFE ON A SOUTHERN COTTON PLANTATION

In 1840 about 33% of the population in the South were slaves About 1 in 3 were slaves

In 1840, about 8% of African Americans in the South were free 5 In 1840, about 8% of African Americans in the South were free

6 African Americans used religion, friendships and music to endure the cruel conditions of slavery

SPIRITUALS – religious folk songs 7 SPIRITUALS – religious folk songs “Swing Low, Sweet Chariot”

Families were important to slaves 8 Families were important to slaves But families were often divided and split up

9 NAT TURNER – an African American who believed that God wanted him free the slaves in any manner possible

NaT Turner REBELLION

Nat Turner organized a slave rebellion in Virginia, 1831 10 Nat Turner organized a slave rebellion in Virginia, 1831 The rebellion failed and killed 55 white men, women and children

Discovering NaT Turner

11 The Turner Rebellion made southern slave owners even more fearful to revolts and cracked down on the slaves – about 200 slaves killed in revenge

THE END