(A) Serum antibody and antigen levels in hepatitis A and hepatitis B

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(A) Serum antibody and antigen levels in hepatitis A and hepatitis B (A) Serum antibody and antigen levels in hepatitis A and hepatitis B. (AST, aspartate aminotransferase, a marker for hepatocellular injury and necrosis; IgM anti-HAV, early antibody response to hepatitis A infection; IgG anti-HAV, late antibody response to hepatitis A infection; HBsAg, hepatitis B surface antigen, a marker of active viral gene expression; HBeAg, hepatitis B early antigen, a marker of infectivity.) Antibodies to the surface or early antigens (anti-HBs or anti-HBe) indicate immunity. (Redrawn, with permission, from Chandrasoma P et al, eds. Concise Pathology, 3rd ed. Originally published by Appleton & Lange. Copyright © 1998 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.) (B) Course of acute, resolving HCV infection. (ALT, Alanine aminotransferase; HCV RNA, hepatitis C viral load; anti-HCV, HCV antibody.) (Redrawn, with permission, from Hoofnagle JH. Course and outcome of hepatitis C. Hepatology. 2002 Nov;36(5 Suppl 1):S21–9.) Source: Liver Disease, Pathophysiology of Disease: An Introduction to Clinical Medicine, 7e Citation: Hammer GD, McPhee SJ. Pathophysiology of Disease: An Introduction to Clinical Medicine, 7e; 2013 Available at: https://accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/DownloadImage.aspx?image=/data/books/961/ham007_fig_14-10.gif&sec=53631445&BookID=961&ChapterSecID=53555695&imagename= Accessed: December 26, 2017 Copyright © 2017 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved