Endocrine system Medical Terminology
OBJECTIVES At the end of this chapter, students should be able to: Identify the different endocrine glands present in the body Identify and use the roots pertaining to the endocrine system. Define medical terms used in reference to the endocrine system.
Endocrine glands Gland Definition Pituitary gland Thyroid gland Is an endocrine gland present at the base of the brain Thyroid gland Is the biggest gland in the neck, located in front of the throat
Gland Definition Parathyroid glands Are 4 glands present in neck & located on the back of the thyroid gland
Gland Definition Thymus gland Is a gland located behind the sternum It is active only till puberty to protect the body from infection After puberty, it starts to shrink & become replaced by fats
Gland Definition Adrenal glands Are 2 glands which are present above the kidneys It is responsible for steroid hormone secretion (Cortisone)
Gland Definition Pancreas A gland that lies in the abdomen behind the stomach It produces several hormones, including: insulin Also, it secretes pancreatic juice that contains enzymes important in digestion
Gland Definition Ovaries Testes Paired female organs located in the abdomen Their main function is: Production of ova Testes Paired male organs located in the scrotal sac Their main function is: Production of sperms
Combining forms Combining form Meaning Hypophys/o – Pituitar/o Pituitary gland Thyroaden/o – Thyroid/o Thyroid gland Parathyroid/o Parathyroid gland Thym/o Thymus gland Adren/o – Adrenal/o Adrenal gland Pancreat/o Pancreas Ovari/o – oophor/o Ovaries Orch/o – Orchi/o – Orchid/o Testes
Some Terminology Terminology Meaning Hypophyseal Related to pituitary gland Acromegaly Enlargement of extremities caused by hypersecretion of pituitary gland after puberty Thyroadenitis Inflammation of thyroid gland Thyroidectomy Removal of the thyroid gland Hyperthyroidism Increased secretion of the thyroid hormone Hyperparathyroidism Increased secretion of parathyroid hormone
Terminology Meaning Hypoparathyroidism Decreased secretion of parathyroid hormone Thymoma Tumor of the thymus gland Adrenopathy Disease of the adrenal gland Adrenalectomy Removal of adrenal gland Pancreatectomy Removal of pancreas Diabetes mellitus Deficiency of insulin leading to high blood glucose levels Oophoritis Inflammation of the ovary
Terminology Meaning Ovarian cyst Fluid filled sacs within or on the surface of the ovary Orchitis Inflammation of one or both testes Orchiopexy A surgery to move the undescended testes to the scrotum & permanently fix it there Orchidectomy Removal of one or both testes