Organelles in Eukaryotic Cells What are the functions of different organelles in a cell?

Model 1 – How is the Cell Like a Factory? - #1 Lysosomes Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi apparatus Cell membrane Nucleus Ribosomes Cytoplasm Mitochondria

Model 1 - Continued DNA/Chromosomes Nucleus Nucleus (contains all the information to build and run a cell) Mitochondria (the powerhouse of the cell) Ribosomes (these are the workers) Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Vesicle (from the Golgi apparatus)

Model 1 - Continued Lysosomes – Removal of Waste = custodians Mitochondria – Produce Energy = powerhouse/generator Golgi apparatus – Packages and ships products = shipping dept. Vacuole – Stores products = warehouse or storage containers Cell membrane – Controls what goes in/out = security fence DNA/chromosomes (instructions) to Ribosomes (build protein) to ER (finishes protein) to Golgi apparatus (package and ship) to Vesicles (out of cell or part of membrane)

Model 2 – Animal Cells with Organelle(s) Removed The Mitochondria Cell 2 would not be able to generate the energy needed for normal cell functions. Cell 5 is missing the lysosome which is the custodian of the cell. This would make it difficult to get rid of waste. Cell 3 is missing the membrane so it will be hard to send it out. Cell 1 is missing the nucleus. Without the nucleus there is no DNA/chromosomes and the cell will not have the instructions and ability to control cell functions.

Model 2 – Animal Cells with Organelle(s) Removed 15) Cell 4 is missing ribosomes Cell 7 is missing ribosomes and the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER). Neither cell will be able to construct proteins.

Model 3 – Animal Cell vs. Plant Cell Yes, both have a nucleus. They are eukaryotes! Yes, both have mitochondria. They can generate energy. Differences … Plant has chloroplast Plant has large vacuole Plant has cell wall Plant is square and animal is oval.

Model 3 – Animal Cell vs. Plant Cell Plant Organelles Large central vacuole Cell wall Plastids (chloroplasts)

#’s 21-25 Chloroplast allow photosynthesis to happen … sunlight energy converts carbon dioxide and water into glucose (chemical energy). See #21 The central vacuole will shrink as the plant runs out of water. When plants have plenty of water the vacuole will be full like a water balloon and push out on the cell wall. Cells will expand. The plant has a cell wall to keep it from bursting when it is full of water and a cell membrane to act like agate to let things go in/out of the cell.

Extension Questions Mitochondria (converts glucose into ATP) YES. Both plant and animal cells have mitochondria. Chloroplasts … only Plants cells have this structure. The mitochondria and chloroplast work in opposite directions. They complete a cycle. The products of the mitochondria (respiration) are the reactants of the chloroplast (photosynthesis). If we eat only meat the source of glucose would come from the animal that we eat because it probably ate plants. Ultimately it goes back to plants which really means it goes back to sunlight. Mitochondria are the powerhouse of the cell so I would expect to find these in muscle cells.