Europe’s long eighteenth century Between two treaties and two acts of regicide 1648 Treaty of Westphalia 1815 Congress of Vienna Execution of Charles 1 (1649) Execution of Louis XVI (1793)
HTA101 Europe in 1660: The Big Picture
Demographic Europe Economic Europe Social Europe Religious Europe Political Europe
Albrecht Durer, c. 1500 ‘The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse’
The Thirty Years War, 1618-1648 The sack of Magdeburg (1631)
Great Plague of London, 1665-66
London c.1700 London 1700
Cross Sword Plough
The Syndics (Rembrandt, 1662) Commissioned by the Syndics or the inspectors of the Clothmaker’s Guild in Amsterdam The Syndics (Rembrandt, 1662)
Martin Luther Pope Leo X
Religious Europe
The 1648 Treaty of Westphalia The principle of state sovereignty States as sovereign over their own internal affairs Territorial integrity States not answerable to supernational authorities
Holy Roman Empire 1648
Execution of Charles I
The Return of the King The Restoration