Aim: to what extent does (economic) development vary amongst countries? APHG Development

But… Australian definition and …. Economies of the World Primary: Secondary: Tertiary: Quaternary: Quinary: Quaternary Sector The quaternary sector of the economy consists of intellectual activities. Activities associated with this sector include government, culture, libraries, scientific research, education, and information technology. Quinary Sector Some consider there to be a branch of the quaternary sector called the quinary sector, which includes the highest levels of decision making in a society or economy. This sector would include the top executives or officials in such fields as government, science, universities, nonprofit, healthcare, culture, and the media But… Australian definition and ….

Economic Development Regions MDCs (More Developed Countries) LDCs (Less Developed Countries) First World Countries Second World Countries Third World Countries Non-Aligned Countries BRIC(S) Countries (Asian) Tigers VOCABULARY Cold War “East” vs. “West” “Western”

What?

Asian Tigers

What Does Developed Mean? GDP, GNP, and GNI? Per Capita Income? Industry? Life Expectancy? Education? Happiness? What factors are considered?

GDP, GNP, and GNI GDP = value of all goods and services produced within a country, within an economy over course of one year. GNP = GDP + NR (income inflow from foreign assets) – NP (net income outflow to foreign assets) GNI = GNP

Aim: to what extent does (economic) development vary amongst countries? APHG Development

UN attempt to answer the question. HDI HDI (Human Development Index) Economic (income) Social (education) Demographic (life expectancy) UN attempt to answer the question.

How do you determine income and wealth? Economic How do you determine income and wealth? GDP Per Capita Income Primary (farming, fishing, mining) Secondary (manufacturing) Tertiary (services)

Not all are included in the HDI Social Education Literacy Human Rights Women’s Rights Freedom of Speech Etc. etc. Happiness Index* Not all are included in the HDI Cadillac poolside commercial

Demographic Life Expectancy

Where? and Why?

GDP (Gross Domestic Product)

GDP Per Capita

Per Capita GNI (Gross National Income)

Not per capita . Note the differences.

See 2015 chart on the next slide. Exchange Rates as of 4/4/14 Value of foreign currencies in US dollars L 1.65862 Can$ 0.91032 E 1.37131 Au$ 0.92989 Y 0.009639 Changes on a daily basis and is NOT a reflection of HDI. More accurately correlates to GDP and perceived flexibility and stability of the currency. See 2015 chart on the next slide.

The US Dollar is strong right now. Exchange Rates as of 3/28/15 Value of foreign currencies in US dollars € worth $1.088 £ worth $1.487 ¥ worth $0.008 $ Can worth $0.792 $ Aus worth $0.775 R worth $0.08 Rs India worth $0.016 Rb worth $0.017 The US Dollar is strong right now.

The US Dollar is strong right now. Exchange Rates as of 4/12/16 Value of foreign currencies in US dollars € worth $1.14 £ worth $1.43 ¥ worth $0.0092 $ Can worth $0.78 $ Aus worth $0.77 R worth $0.068 Rs India worth $0.015 Rb worth $0.015 The US Dollar is strong right now.

The US Dollar is strong right now. Exchange Rates as of 4/18/17 Value of foreign currencies in US dollars € worth $1.07 £ worth $1.28 ¥ worth $0.0092 $ Can worth $0.75 $ Aus worth $0.76 R worth $0.075 Rs India worth $0.015 Rb worth $0.018 The US Dollar is strong right now.

Aim: to what extent does (economic) development vary amongst countries? APHG Development

Life Expectancy

Gender Equality and Education

Aim: to what extent does economic development have an impact on human migration?

(Not taking love of country and immediate family into account etc (Not taking love of country and immediate family into account etc.) Where would you choose to live if you were to emigrate from the USA? Why?

HDI

Economic Core - Periphery BRICS Countries

Aim: to what extent are Wallerstein’s and Rostow’s Models an accurate representation of worldwide (economic) development?

World Systems Theory

What types of economies tend to dominate in the three world economy regions?

BTW: Wallerstein is an American sociologist born in NYC in 1930. World Systems Theory The modern world system is distinguished from (older) empires by its reliance on economic control of the world order by a dominating capitalist center in systemic economic and political relation to peripheral and semi peripheral world areas. Wallerstein rejects the notion of a "Third World", claiming there is only one world connected by a complex network of economic exchange relationships — i.e., a "world-economy" or "world-system" in which the "dichotomy of capital and labor" and the endless "accumulation of capital" by competing agents (historically including but not limited to nation-states) account for frictions. BTW: Wallerstein is an American sociologist born in NYC in 1930.

Mahan’s Sea Power Theory, 1890

The Influence of Sea Power Upon History, 1660 – 1783 The Influence of Sea Power Upon History, 1660 – 1783. (1890), Alfred Mahan. Based on analysis of the British. Influences the British, US, Japan, and Germany.

Halfred Mackinder Heartland, 1904

Mini – not – so - tangent

Who rules East Europe commands the Heartland; who rules the Heartland commands the World-Island; who rules the World-Island controls the world." Mackinder, Democratic Ideals and Reality, p. 106

Rimland more important than Heartland. Geopolitical strategic location Nicholas Spykman Rimland more important than Heartland. WWII Geopolitical strategic location Role of navy? Cold War “Who controls the Rimland rules Eurasia; Who rules Eurasia controls the destinies of the world.”

Rostow’s Model

MDCs and LDCs

Notice the Connection?

Aim: to what extent is economic development evenly spread amongst the geographic area of various individual countries?

USA

GDP by State

Regional GDP

Per Capita Income

% Living in Poverty

Regional European GDP

Aim: how and why does development vary amongst countries?

Country Development Identify and associate at least one country, territory, “place,” and or region with each of Rostow’s stages of economic development.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_care_in_Canada

Aim: to what extent does economic development vary amongst countries? APHG Development

HDI

Per Capita GNI (Gross National Income)

Life Expectancy

School Enrollment

Going Back to the Cold War…

This map is still a vestige of the Cold War 1st, 2nd, 3rd World Willie Brandt This map is still a vestige of the Cold War

In the beginning… The “West” Western Civ., Western

The “West” dominates the World

See Industrialization PPT