Liquid Crystals The Fourth State of Matter? Dr. Vance Williams

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Presentation transcript:

Liquid Crystals The Fourth State of Matter? Dr. Vance Williams Department of Chemistry Simon Fraser University

Liquid Crystals: Some Applications

Liquid Crystals: Not An Oxymoron Most crystals are solids that are ordered in 3 dimensions. Most liquids are completely disordered. Some liquids are ordered in 1 or 2 dimensions (and therefore are “crystalline”).

Liquid Crystals Smectic Nematic Columnar

Liquid Crystals: History The first liquid crystal was discovered in 1888 when Friedrich Reinitzer noticed that a compound he was studying exhibited two melting points; one at 145 °C and a second at 178 °C. 1857-1927

Cholesteric Liquid Crystals cholesterol cholesteryl benzoate

Mood Rings and Thermometers Thermochromism Mood Rings and Thermometers

…this helix gets tighter as the temperature increases molecules form a helix... T …this helix gets tighter as the temperature increases

LCDs and Polarized Light

Polarized Light

Polarized Light

Polarized Light

Inserting an organized, “birefringent” material between the polarizers allows some light to be transmitted.

Phases Under a Microscope All imaged viewed through cross-polarized light.

Welding Masks Solar cell

Welding Masks Solar cell

“Smart” Windows

“Smart” Windows

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Pressure Sensors

Natural Liquid Crystals: DNA

Department of Chemistry Simon Fraser University vancew@sfu.ca Vance Williams Department of Chemistry Simon Fraser University vancew@sfu.ca www.sfu.ca/chemistry/faculty/Williams/VEW1.htm www.sfu.ca/chemistry