Historical Disaster Research in Japan and Indonesia -International Cooperation for the Security and Peace- Ryosuke KAJITA, PhD Research Institute for Humanity and Nature / Center for Southeast Asian Studies, Kyoto University Japan

World Development Natural Disaster (earthquake, eruption, floods,etc) Now rapidly ongoing in Indonesia and other Asian countries. Natural Disaster (earthquake, eruption, floods,etc) Huge Damage Once huge natural disaster occur, whole country will be face a serious situation. It is difficult task for government to overcome without international cooperation.

Recent Natural Disasters in Indonesia 2010, October, Eruption of Mount Merapi, Java Ash covers wide area and it paralyzed transportation network 2004, December, magnitude 9.1 Sumatra Earthquake and Tsunami Aceh, Indonesia, coastal area of Indian Ocean suffered.

Recent Natural Disasters in Japan 2014, September Eruption of Mount Ontake 63 people killed, this was deadliest eruption since 1902 in Japan. 2011, March, magnitude 9.1 Great East Japan Earthquake Tsunami hit coastal area of Tohoku. It also caused Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant

How to Decrease the Damage Japanese Government and Academic Since 3.11 Earthquake in 2011, “Headquarters for Earthquake Research Promotion”, changed their policy. Earthquake is not Predictable and we cannot stop the Earthquake. How to Decrease the Damage “Nankai Trough Earthquake” Mg-9 class is predicted to happen in next 30 years. Governments are now making effort to construct effective disaster management plan to DECREASE the damage.

Interdisciplinarity Multidiscipline Trans-disciplinarity Disaster Research Monodiscipline Disaster Prevention Mechanism History Geography Interdisciplinarity Multidiscipline Trans-disciplinarity Medical Law Civil Engineering Mitigation Seismology

“Stone Monument” warns local people to run away from tsunami Since 2011 Earthquake, “Historical Seismology” “Historical Volcanology” “Stone Monument” warns local people to run away from tsunami

Since 2011 Earthquake, “Historical Seismology” “Historical Volcanology” “Historical Materials” picture shows the tsunami, eruption, landslide, in old time of Japan.

“Historical Materials” describe the disasters by handwriting, Since 2011 Earthquake, “Historical Seismology” “Historical Volcanology” “Historical Materials” describe the disasters by handwriting,

Indonesia has a long history of Dutch colonial era, 16th-20th century This method can also be used in Historical Disasters research in Indonesia. Indonesia has a long history of Dutch colonial era, 16th-20th century Documents, (governmental reports, postal mail, almanack) Indonesia ・Perpustakaan Nasional, ・Arsip Nasional (Jakarta) Netherlands ・Leiden University (Leiden), ・National Archives of Netherlands (the Hague)

Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch-Indie (Dutch title) “Physics Journals in Dutch-Indies”, published in 1850-1940, annually, scientific reports

Java, zijne gedaante, zijn plantentooi, en inwendige bouw (Dutch title) “Java, its form, plantation, and its geological structure”, published in 1854 by Junghuhn 1500-1850, earthquake and eruption record

Source Criticism and Information Evaluation Observed Records are precious information to understand past disasters. But… Source Criticism and Information Evaluation Need to think about the Historical Description whether it is true or not. Records can be analyzed for periodicity of seismic activities Local societies and people’s response against disaster Lessons from the Past

ASEAN JAPAN human resources, financial support, emergency response International Relationship and Cooperation ASEAN JAPAN Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Philippines, Brunei, Vietnam, Thailand, Laos, Myammar, Cambodia Important relationship in many aspects When the natural disasters occurred in one of the country, we immediately help each other with human resources, financial support, emergency response

Recent China’s Rapid Approach and Development Paracel Islands and Spratly Islands are Rapidly approached by China for their development in surrounding ocean area. CHINA Japanese Government and PM.Abe 1, to strengthen Japan-US Alliance for security and peace in Asia-Pacific Regions 2, commitment to “administration of the law”. Not by the power, but by the Law. 3, International Understanding about these areas.

KEEP a STRONG Relationship Even there are conflict between the neighouring countries, KEEP a STRONG Relationship Disasters are unpredictable, Mitigation and Preparedness needs to be improved. Emergence Response and Recovery needs support from abroad. For the Security and Peace for people in the Disaster-prone country, Above stated 4 phases are MUST taken Action.

Terima Kasih Thank you ありがとうございます