Video Clips and Pictures Civil Rights Ch 29 Video Clips and Pictures

Plessy vs. Ferguson, 1896 The Supreme Court ruled that racial segregation is constitutional. Paved the way for states to pass “Jim Crow” laws. (Aimed at separating the races) “Separate but Equal”

Brown v. Board of Education (1954) -Segregation in public schools is unconstitutional. -Impacted 12 million school children in 21 states

Little Rock -Nine black students who tried to integrate Central High School -Eisenhower put the Arkansas National Guard under federal control. -Ordered a 1,000 paratroopers into Little Rock -Students attended class under the watch of soldiers -Viewed on television

Rosa Parks and the Montgomery Bus Boycott -Rosa Parks refuses to give up her seat on the bus -Inspired the bus boycott in Montgomery, Alabama. Lasted 381 days. -Supreme Court outlawed bus segregation-1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. -He was a 26 year old pastor at a Baptist church in Montgomery, Alabama. -Leader of the Civil Rights Movement. Advocated a nonviolent approach to desegregation.

In King’s own Words “We will not hate you, “ King said to white racists, “but we cannot…obey your unjust laws….We will soon wear you down by our capacity to suffer. And in winning our freedom, we will so appeal to your heart and conscience that we will win you in the process.”

Sit-in’s The demonstrators sat passively(didn’t strike back) as whites beat and humiliated them.

The Triumphs of a Crusade Chapter 29/Sec. 2

Martin Luther King, Jr. “I guess it is easy for those who have never felt the stinging darts of segregation to say, ‘Wait.’ But when you have seen vicious mobs lynch your mothers and fathers at whim; when you have seen hate-filled policemen curse, kick, brutalize and even kill your black brothers and sisters; …when you see the vast majority of your twenty million Negro brothers smother in the air-tight cage of poverty; …when you have to concoct an answer for a five-year-old son asking:… ‘Daddy, why do white people treat colored people so mean?’…then you will understand why we find it difficult to wait.” -”Letter from a Birmingham Jail”

Answers Freedom Rides: Led to the banning of segregation in all interstate travel facilities. March on Birmingham: Prompted Kennedy to push for a new civil rights act. Civil Rights Act of 1964: Prohibited discrimination based on race, religion, national origin, or gender and outlawed segregation of public accommodations. March on Selma: Prompted President Johnson to push for the swift passage of the Voting Rights Act. Voting Rights Act of 1965: Eliminated literacy tests and poll taxes as requirements for voting. Helped increase the number of African American voters.

Challenges and Changes in the Civil Rights Movement Chapter 29 Section 3

Segregation Difference between de facto and de jure segregation. De facto Segregation: Segregation by practice or custom De jure Segregation: Segregation by law

Problems Faced in the North What problems were faced by African Americans living in Northern cities at this time? -Poor treatment by white police officers -Discrimination/segregation -Poor quality schools -Slums -Poverty

Malcolm X How did Malcolm X’s views change over the years? Early on, Malcolm X believed that blacks should separate from white society and advocated for armed self-defense. Later his attitude toward whites softened, and he advocated the use of ballots over bullets.

Black Panthers How did the Black Panthers reflect a growing radicalism in segments of the Civil Rights Movement? -The Black Panthers wanted to flight for decent housing and full employment. They also wanted to fight against police brutality in the ghettos. They preached self defense. -Opened daycare centers and medical clinics. This won them support in the ghettos.

Martin Luther King, Jr. Why was Martin Luther King, Jr. visiting Memphis? -To support striking garbage workers What happened in cities across America after King’s assassination? -Worst urban rioting in U.S. history. 100 cities in flames.

Gains Made by Civil Rights Movement -Ended de jure segregation which increased high school/college graduation rates and opened up better jobs and business opportunities. -Gave African Americans pride in their racial identity. (i.e. dress, college courses, entertainment) -Substantial Political Gains: 2/3 of eligible African Americans were registered to vote. Increased the number of elected African American officials.