DR. B.C. ROY ENGINEERING COLLEGE, DURGAPUR WIRELESS POWER TRANSMISSION Submitted By- AJEET KUMAR MUKESH KUMAR ADARSH GAURAV MD SOHAIL AKHTER MD SHAHID AKHTER JAUHAR AHMAD SAYEED HARISH CHANDRA MODAK ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

Slide Plan Why WPT History Principle Components Methods BCREC/EE/2013-14/5TH SEM/WPT Slide Plan Why WPT History Principle Components Methods Merits and Demerits Biological Impacts Applications Current Technology Future Aspects Challenges Conclusion Wireless Power Transmission

BCREC/EE/2013-14/5TH SEM/WPT What is WPT? The transmission of energy from one place to another without using wires The wireless transmission is made possible by using various technologies Wireless Power Transmission

BCREC/EE/2013-14/5TH SEM/WPT Why WPT? According to the World Resources Institute (WRI), India’s electricity grid has the highest transmission and distribution losses in the world – a whopping 27%. This is attributed to technical losses and theft. The continuity of power supply, optimizing the location of sensors, and dealing with rotating or moving joints. Wireless Power Transmission

BCREC/EE/2013-14/5TH SEM/WPT History Experiments performed between 1888 and 1907 by Nikola Tesla Started efforts on wireless transmission at 1891 in his “experimental station” at Colorado He lighted a small incandescent lamp by means of a resonant circuit grounded on one end. William C. Brown, the pioneer in wireless power transmission technology The idea of Tesla is taken in to research after 100 years by a team led by Marin Soljačić from MIT Wireless Power Transmission

BCREC/EE/2013-14/5TH SEM/WPT Principle Wireless Power Transmission

Components Microwave Generator Transmitting Antenna Rectenna BCREC/EE/2013-14/5TH SEM/WPT Components Microwave Generator Transmitting Antenna Rectenna Wireless Power Transmission

Methods Induction Electromagnetic Transmission BCREC/EE/2013-14/5TH SEM/WPT Methods Induction Electromagnetic Transmission Evanescent Wave Coupling Electrodynamic Induction Electrostatic Induction Wireless Power Transmission

BCREC/EE/2013-14/5TH SEM/WPT Induction The principle of mutual induction between two coils can be used for the transfer of electrical power without any physical contact in between. The simplest example of how mutual induction works is the transformer, where there is no physical contact between the primary and the secondary coils. Wireless Power Transmission

Electromagnetic Transmission BCREC/EE/2013-14/5TH SEM/WPT Electromagnetic Transmission Electromagnetic waves can also be used to transfer power without wires. By converting electricity into light, such as a laser beam, then firing this beam at a receiving target, such as a solar cell on a small aircraft, power can be beamed to a single target. This is generally known as “power beaming”. Wireless Power Transmission

Evanescent Wave Coupling BCREC/EE/2013-14/5TH SEM/WPT Evanescent Wave Coupling A process by which electromagnetic waves are transmitted from one medium to another by means of the evanescent (or decaying) electromagnetic fields. This is usually accomplished by placing two or more waveguides close together so that the evanescent field does not decay much in the vicinity of the other waveguide. Wireless Power Transmission

Electrodynamic Induction BCREC/EE/2013-14/5TH SEM/WPT Electrodynamic Induction Wireless Power Transmission

Electrostatic Induction BCREC/EE/2013-14/5TH SEM/WPT Electrostatic Induction Also known as “capacitive coupling” It is an electric field Gradient or differential capacitance between two elevated Electrodes over a conducting ground plane for wireless energy Transmission It involves high frequency alternating current Potential differences transmitted between two plates or nodes. Wireless Power Transmission

BCREC/EE/2013-14/5TH SEM/WPT Merits Eliminates the existing transmission line cables, towers and sub stations More freedom of choice of both receiver and transmitters Cost of transmission and distribution become less Power could be transmitted to the places where the wired transmission is not possible. Loss of transmission is negligible level Safer by eliminating the sparking hazard Wireless Power Transmission

BCREC/EE/2013-14/5TH SEM/WPT Demerits The Capital Cost for practical implementation of WPT seems to be very high. Interference of microwave with present communication systems. Common belief fears the effect of microwave radiation. Wireless Power Transmission

BCREC/EE/2013-14/5TH SEM/WPT Biological Impacts WHO recommends the human exposure guidelines determined by the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE) and by the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP). Public exposure to WPT fields would also be below existing safety guidelines. Localized impact on the environment would be created if the operation of a WPT device has some effect. Wireless Power Transmission

BCREC/EE/2013-14/5TH SEM/WPT Applications Generating power by placing satellites with giant solar arrays in Geosynchronous Earth Orbit. Moving targets such as fuel free airplanes, electric vehicles, moving robots. Ubiquitous Power Source (or) Wireless Power Source, Wireless sensors and RF Power Adaptive Rectifying Circuits (PARC). Wireless Power Transmission

Current Technology Microwave Transmitter BCREC/EE/2013-14/5TH SEM/WPT Wireless Power Transmission

Contd… Solar Power Satellites (SPS) BCREC/EE/2013-14/5TH SEM/WPT Wireless Power Transmission

Contd… LASER transmission BCREC/EE/2013-14/5TH SEM/WPT Contd… LASER transmission LASER converts electricity to light using lasers, and projects that light onto a specialized solar cell array, which then converts the light back into electricity. The “wireless extension cord” delivers thousands of watts at ranges up to many kilometers. The wireless transmission of power via laser is useful in situations where it is impractical or uneconomical to run wires, including unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), unmanned ground vehicles (UGVs), unattended sensors, communication towers, forward operating bases, and disaster relief. Wireless Power Transmission

BCREC/EE/2013-14/5TH SEM/WPT Future Aspects It is one of the biggest challenges in today's world to transmit energy in rough terrain like mountains, forest, and sea. A verified SPICE model of wireless transmission has been considered for the efficiency calculation along with the mathematical approach. Numerical calculation shows that 30-70% transmission efficiency can be achieved by using this model of transmission depending upon the transmission distance and diameter of the antenna. MATLAB simulator and Simulink have been used for the system response and adaptability. Wireless Power Transmission

BCREC/EE/2013-14/5TH SEM/WPT Challenges Electromagnetic wave scatters freely in space as it propagates The concerns that some environmentalists are placing is the depletion of ozone layer by the radiation. There should be complete revolution in the electrical world for manufacturing and designing. Some of the countries which depend on electrical energy for the economy like country Bhutan. This was the main reason that Tesla failed to convince then the sponsors and entrepreneurs of his time to carry out his project. Wireless Power Transmission

Conclusion WPT emerges out as the best alternative for efficient power transmission despite its few drawbacks such as very high installation cost. WPT has very high efficiency as the loss during power transmission is nearly negligible and it acts as a boon for the people of those areas where wired transmission is not possible The power failure due to short circuit and electric faults would not be possible at all. Wireless Power Transmission

BCREC/EE/2013-14/5TH SEM/WPT THANK YOU! Wireless Power Transmission