INCLUSIVE VALUE CHAIN COLLABORATION GAABIC UENR Opportunities and constraints to smallholder farmers’ engagement in value-chain collaborations in the cocoa and oil palm farming sectors of Ghana. Ataa-Asantewaa Martha, UvA

INCLUSIVE VALUE CHAIN COLLABORATION Voluntary association of actors in and of the value-chain (Ros-Tonen et al.,2015). Eg. AGL/Lindt/Farmers, BOBOP Improve smallholder farmers access to; Inputs Market Technology/innovations Trainings/capacity building

INCLUSIVE VALUE CHAIN COLLABORATION Why this research ? Adverse inclusion Exclusion

INCLUSIVE VALUE CHAIN COLLABORATION Research Question How do policies and other contextual factors affect smallholder farmers engagement in Value-chain collaborations?

INCLUSIVE VALUE CHAIN COLLABORATION Study areas & Respondents Kwaebibirem District –Eastern Region- 6 communities Ahafo-Ano North District (Tepa)- Ashanti Region- 6 communities Upper Denkyira East Municipal- Central Region-6 communities 23 key informant interviews 6 FGDs with farmers

INCLUSIVE VALUE CHAIN COLLABORATION Results Verification

COCOBOD’s Cocoa mass spraying and Fertilizer distribution; Fertilizer distribution, when did it start? 2003 or 2014 and what happened in-between? Is the strategy to supplement or takeover? The strategy is disengaging farmers from VCCs with LBCs and PCs?

COCOBOD’s Cocoa mass spraying and Fertilizer distribution; The strategy has increased farmers access and use of inputs but It has discourage buying and using of inputs at its absence? It has made the right inputs scarce to farmer? It has made farmers reluctant to get into input schemes with LBCs?

COCOBOD’s Cocoa mass spraying and Fertilizer distribution; Lack of involvement of LBCs? What about the rep on the district taskforce? Farmers prefer LBCs take over and LBCs think it will be more efficient if they are involved? Farmers benefit more from schemes (VCCs) by LBCs than from the government?

The President Special Initiative on Oil Palm (PSI-Oil Palm) Project excluded some farmer with land as a criteria for inclusion? Abunu system the main source of land for majority of farmers in BOPOP But The abandonment of the PSI created a conflict for farmers with land owners? What is the current state of the PSI? and the status of the PSI mill?

The President Special Initiative on Oil Palm (PSI-Oil Palm) Oil palm companies do not stick to their part of the Outgrower agreement? Farmers prefer selling to Kramers instead of the companies? Farmers prefer non-formalized agreements than formalized agreements in VCCs?

Culture and Norms Deny women and the youth access to land for cash crop production? Deny women and the youth access to credit? Limits men in the marketing of produce? so Culture interact with conditions for VCCs to deny women and the youth access?

INCLUSIVE VALUE CHAIN COLLABORATION References Interviews March to June 2016.Farmers and other actors in cocoa and oil palm production in the 3 districts of the 3 regions. Ros-Tonen, M.A.F, Y-P.B. Van Leynseele, A. Laven, and T. Sunderland. 2015. Landscapes of Social Inclusion: Inclusive Value-Chain Collaboration through the Lenses of Food Sovereignty and Landscape Governance. European Journal of Development Research 27: 523–540.

INCLUSIVE VALUE CHAIN COLLABORATION Thank You