Unit 3: American Expansion ESSAY #1 “What is the debate over American imperialism? Describe the three opinions”

American Expansion Americans have always sought to EXPAND the size of their nation. Throughout the 19th century they extended their control toward the PACIFIC Ocean.

Imperialism Some American leaders wanted to join the Imperialist powers of EUROPE. Imperialism = STRONGER nations extend their ECONOMIC, POLITICAL, and MILITARY control of weaker territories.

Should America expand, colonize others? 3 Views or opinions

“YES!” The Imperialists Argument Why ? “God, Glory & Gold” – the 3-G’s “God” = Send American MISSIONARIES to spread Christianity, and help INDIGENOUS peoples adjust to the MODERN world It is our God given duty to Christianize and Civilize “other” people

The 3-G’s for American Imperialism “GLORY” = It is America’s MANIFEST DESTINY to expand “obvious FATE” because the USA is SUPERIOR so it will dominate over WEAKER, less CIVILIZED peoples like S_____ D______

How does this famous painting from the early 1800’s illustrate “Manifest Destiny” ?

The 3-G’s for American Imperialism GLORY = NATIONALISM = Americans want to be equal to EUROPEAN Powers “YELLOW JOURNALISM” = the media/NEWSPAPERS urge Americans to fight wars to build an American EMPIRE Alfred MAHAN calls for US to build a great NAVY to expand & protect American trade

The 3-G’s for American Imperialism GOLD = Big Business wants international MARKETS to complete with EUROPEANS What does this poster say about why global trade is good? Also, some Americans living abroad, like, HAWAII do not want to have to pay American TARIFFS (taxes) in order to sell their goods in America

The 3-G’s for American Imperialism Pres. Teddy Roosevelt William R. Hearst, news publisher Some notable Americans in favor of US expansion: Pres. William McKinley

“NO !” the Anti-Imperialist Opinion The USA is a DEMOCRACY, which stands for LIBERTY, so how can we ever be an EMPIRE ? Cartoon: What is Uncle Sam doing ? Who are the others ?

“NO !” the Anti-Imperialist Opinion Colonization of others is WRONG Also, you cannot spread DEMOCRACY “Native” peoples must CREATE it, on their own lands, in their own WAYS

“NO !” the Anti-Imperialist Opinion Some notable Anti-Imperialists: Mark Twain, author Henry David Thoreau, poet Andrew Carnegie, tycoon

The 3rd Opinion:“It’s OUR Land !” Liliuokalani of Hawaii Emilio Aguinaldo of Philippines The INHABITANTS of those who live in countries where the US wants to expand RESIST

The 3rd Opinion: “It’s OUR Land !” Mexican-American War, 1846-48

Mexican-American War US annexes TEXAS  Mexico disputes BORDER  WAR with Mexico  Treaty of GUADALUPE HIDALGO Results = US acquires land in Southwest U.S.

The 3rd Opinion:“It’s OUR Land !” NATIVE AMERICAN Wars= Indians fight against US forces for decades.

NATIVE AMERICAN “Removal” = Numerous tribes forced to RELOCATE Indian REMOVAL Act = to reservations in the WEST. The Cherokee Nation challenged removal in Supreme Court – WORCESTER v. GEORGIA (Cherokee win their case).

Native American “Removal” 1830 – Indian Removal Act

Cherokee win their case But…. Pres. ANDREW JACKSON said, “The Supreme COURT has made its ruling – now let them ENFORCE it.” Jackson orders FORCED removal of Cherokee = TRAIL of TEARS (Approx 4,000 died). Results = Native American’s Resist

Interactive Notes Q&A’s Pg. 204-207 When were the battles of the Little Big Horn and Wounded Knee ? Estimate the percentage of Indian land had been lost by 1894. What did the Dawes Act try to do?

The 3rd Opinion:“It’s OUR Land !” Defeated Indians must…. ASSIMILATE = AMERICANIZE like the “Melting Pot” for immigrants Indian kids go to boarding SCHOOLS Required by DAWES Act

"This dramatic image of westward expansion is a study for a mural in the United States Capitol, one of the most ambitious statements of cultural nationalism during the mid-nineteenth century. Leutze combined pioneer men and women, mountain guides, wagons, and mules to suggest a divinely ordained pilgrimage to the Promised Land of the western frontier. In the border, medallion portraits of explorers Captain William Clark and Daniel Boone flank a vista of the San Francisco Bay -- the ultimate western destination. Above, a bald eagle holds a scroll on which is lettered Westward the Course of Empire Takes Its Way -- while Native Americans escape in a maze of winding plant tendrils."

Cherokee challenge removal in Supreme Court – Worcester v. Georgia Cherokee tried to “fit into” modern society They had written language & books, businesses, houses, deeds to their land, etc. Also – they had guaranteed lands by treaty with U.S. govt.