9.2 Mitosis and Cytokinesis Main idea: Eukaryotic cells reproduce by mitosis, the process of nuclear division, and cytokinesis, the process of cytoplasm division
Mitosis The cell’s replicated genetic material separates and the cell prepares to split This leaves 2 genetically identical daughter cells
The Stages of mitosis Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase
Prophase The chromatin condenses into chromosomes Each half is a sister chromatid Each has a identical copy of DNA
Prophase The nucleolus disappears Spindle fibers form The nuclear envelope disappears Spindle fibers attach to each sister chromatid
Metaphase The second stage of mitosis The sister chromatids line up in the middle of the cell
Anaphase The spindle fibers shorten and separate the sister chromatids The chromosomes move to opposite ends of the cell
Telophase The last stage of mitosis Chromosomes arrive at opposite ends of the cell Chromosomes decondense to form chromatin
Telophase 2 Nuclear membranes form and the nucleoli reappear The spindle fibers disassemble
Cytokinesis After mitosis the cytoplasm divides This forms 2 cells with identical nuclei Microfilaments pinch the cytoplasm into 2 separate half's
Cytokinesis In plant cells instead of pinching in half a cell plate forms between the two new nuclei
Prokaryotic Cells Prokaryotic cells divide by binary fission Both copies of the DNA attach to the plasma membrane As the membrane grows the DNA is pulled apart