Part 97 Standard Instrument Procedures Subpart A General “Try not to become a man of success, But rather try to become a man of value” Albert Einstein Introduction World War II involved specialized aircraft produced in large numbers by various combatant nations, and many makes of familiar names domestically became known internationally. WWI spurred acft production, the acft were not available in the beginning of the war. There were many efforts to prevent war, but the militaristic goals of a few countries pulled other countries into conflict. WWII was worldwide with concentrations of fighting in Europe and the Pacific. Hitler wanted to acquired more living space which he tried to do by taking starting war with other countries.

97.1 Applicability Prescribes standard instrument procedures Civil airports in U.S. Weather minimums that apply to landings under IFR Prescribes obstacle instrument procedures Certain civil airports in U.S. Weather minimums that apply to takeoffs under IFR Poland Falls: The German invasion of Poland began on 1 September 1939, concluded with Poland’s surrender a month later, and demonstrated Germany’s use of aircraft to destroy a country’s air combat capabilities early during an assault — a tactic Germany used repeatedly in its effort to make Europe German by capturing countries one by one. Blitzkrieg – lightning war, fast moving assaults using infantry and tanks supported by acft. The Phony War: The winter of 1939-1940 provided a lull in the fighting and grounded many aircraft. Winter War: The Soviet invasion of Finland and the subsequent Winter War between two neighbors of vastly different sizes demonstrated that attrition of a combatant’s resources, not absolute numbers of wins and losses, could determine the outcome of combat. WX restricted aerial operations. The Polish army was not prepared to fight. The Battle for France: Belgium and Holland were in Germany’s way around the northwestern end of France’s fortified Maginot Line, so the German Luftwaffe (Air Force) bombed Belgium and Dutch as well as French airfields and planes on the ground and German pilots fought particularly French and British aircraft in the air. Dunkirk: Pushed to the sea (the English Channel) by advancing German forces, the British Expeditionary Force and France’s Northern Army evacuated 300,000 men from Dunkirk to the safety of England across the channel — under the aerial protection of British Spitfires and other fighter planes. Germany won the battle over Dunkirk in terms of fighter stats. Germany flew 2,000 sorties and lost 37 acft, British flew 1,764 sorties & lost 106 acft. Mediterranean Region: Concurrent with the Battle for France, Germany launched a major paratroop attack against Crete, and Italy joined Germany in the fighting to conquer enemy lands in the Mediterranean region. French Governments: After the fall of France in June 1942, the French government became scattered governments: There was German-ruled “occupied France,” and south of that was authoritarian “Vichy France,” and throughout France there was a “resistance” movement, also south of the Mediterranean Sea were “Free French” colonies in Africa led by General Charles de Gualle who was in exile in Great Britain. Battle of Britain: The Battle of Britain was an air battle preliminary to a German invasion that never happened because the Royal Air Force escaped destruction on the ground and fought an effective defensive battle against Luftwaffe bombers, fighters, and blitz tactics. Britain had radar to guide airplanes from the ground. Battle of the Atlantic: The maritime battle of the Atlantic employed aircraft in reconnaissance, fighter, torpedo bomber, and other roles. Sortie – one mission by a single military plane. The German Luftwaffe was one of the most powerful, doctrinally advanced, and battle experienced air forces in the world when WWII started.

97.3 Symbols & Terms Aircraft Approach Category Grouping of aircraft based on VREF speed Category A: Speed < 91 knots Category B: Speed > 91 knots, but < 121 knots Category C: Speed > 121 knots, but < 141 knots Category D: Speed > 141 knots, but < 166 knots Category E: Speed > 166 knots Poland Falls: The German invasion of Poland began on 1 September 1939, concluded with Poland’s surrender a month later, and demonstrated Germany’s use of aircraft to destroy a country’s air combat capabilities early during an assault — a tactic Germany used repeatedly in its effort to make Europe German by capturing countries one by one. Blitzkrieg – lightning war, fast moving assaults using infantry and tanks supported by acft. The Phony War: The winter of 1939-1940 provided a lull in the fighting and grounded many aircraft. Winter War: The Soviet invasion of Finland and the subsequent Winter War between two neighbors of vastly different sizes demonstrated that attrition of a combatant’s resources, not absolute numbers of wins and losses, could determine the outcome of combat. WX restricted aerial operations. The Polish army was not prepared to fight. The Battle for France: Belgium and Holland were in Germany’s way around the northwestern end of France’s fortified Maginot Line, so the German Luftwaffe (Air Force) bombed Belgium and Dutch as well as French airfields and planes on the ground and German pilots fought particularly French and British aircraft in the air. Dunkirk: Pushed to the sea (the English Channel) by advancing German forces, the British Expeditionary Force and France’s Northern Army evacuated 300,000 men from Dunkirk to the safety of England across the channel — under the aerial protection of British Spitfires and other fighter planes. Germany won the battle over Dunkirk in terms of fighter stats. Germany flew 2,000 sorties and lost 37 acft, British flew 1,764 sorties & lost 106 acft. Mediterranean Region: Concurrent with the Battle for France, Germany launched a major paratroop attack against Crete, and Italy joined Germany in the fighting to conquer enemy lands in the Mediterranean region. French Governments: After the fall of France in June 1942, the French government became scattered governments: There was German-ruled “occupied France,” and south of that was authoritarian “Vichy France,” and throughout France there was a “resistance” movement, also south of the Mediterranean Sea were “Free French” colonies in Africa led by General Charles de Gualle who was in exile in Great Britain. Battle of Britain: The Battle of Britain was an air battle preliminary to a German invasion that never happened because the Royal Air Force escaped destruction on the ground and fought an effective defensive battle against Luftwaffe bombers, fighters, and blitz tactics. Britain had radar to guide airplanes from the ground. Battle of the Atlantic: The maritime battle of the Atlantic employed aircraft in reconnaissance, fighter, torpedo bomber, and other roles. Sortie – one mission by a single military plane. The German Luftwaffe was one of the most powerful, doctrinally advanced, and battle experienced air forces in the world when WWII started.

97.3 Symbols & Terms Approach Procedure Segments Initial approach Segment between initial approach fix and the intermediate fix or the point where the aircraft is established on the intermediate or final approach course Final approach Segment between final approach fix or point and the runway, airport, or missed approach point Missed approach Segment between missed approach point and the missed approach fix at the prescribed altitude Ceiling Minimum ceiling (feet) takeoff or required for designating an airport as an alternate Poland Falls: The German invasion of Poland began on 1 September 1939, concluded with Poland’s surrender a month later, and demonstrated Germany’s use of aircraft to destroy a country’s air combat capabilities early during an assault — a tactic Germany used repeatedly in its effort to make Europe German by capturing countries one by one. Blitzkrieg – lightning war, fast moving assaults using infantry and tanks supported by acft. The Phony War: The winter of 1939-1940 provided a lull in the fighting and grounded many aircraft. Winter War: The Soviet invasion of Finland and the subsequent Winter War between two neighbors of vastly different sizes demonstrated that attrition of a combatant’s resources, not absolute numbers of wins and losses, could determine the outcome of combat. WX restricted aerial operations. The Polish army was not prepared to fight. The Battle for France: Belgium and Holland were in Germany’s way around the northwestern end of France’s fortified Maginot Line, so the German Luftwaffe (Air Force) bombed Belgium and Dutch as well as French airfields and planes on the ground and German pilots fought particularly French and British aircraft in the air. Dunkirk: Pushed to the sea (the English Channel) by advancing German forces, the British Expeditionary Force and France’s Northern Army evacuated 300,000 men from Dunkirk to the safety of England across the channel — under the aerial protection of British Spitfires and other fighter planes. Germany won the battle over Dunkirk in terms of fighter stats. Germany flew 2,000 sorties and lost 37 acft, British flew 1,764 sorties & lost 106 acft. Mediterranean Region: Concurrent with the Battle for France, Germany launched a major paratroop attack against Crete, and Italy joined Germany in the fighting to conquer enemy lands in the Mediterranean region. French Governments: After the fall of France in June 1942, the French government became scattered governments: There was German-ruled “occupied France,” and south of that was authoritarian “Vichy France,” and throughout France there was a “resistance” movement, also south of the Mediterranean Sea were “Free French” colonies in Africa led by General Charles de Gualle who was in exile in Great Britain. Battle of Britain: The Battle of Britain was an air battle preliminary to a German invasion that never happened because the Royal Air Force escaped destruction on the ground and fought an effective defensive battle against Luftwaffe bombers, fighters, and blitz tactics. Britain had radar to guide airplanes from the ground. Battle of the Atlantic: The maritime battle of the Atlantic employed aircraft in reconnaissance, fighter, torpedo bomber, and other roles. Sortie – one mission by a single military plane. The German Luftwaffe was one of the most powerful, doctrinally advanced, and battle experienced air forces in the world when WWII started.

97.3 Symbols & Terms Approach Procedure Segments (FAF) Final Approach Fix (MAP) Missed approach point MSA (Minimum safe altitude) Expressed in feet above mean sea level, provides at least 1,000 feet of obstacle clearance for emergency use within a certain distance from the navigation facility or fix Poland Falls: The German invasion of Poland began on 1 September 1939, concluded with Poland’s surrender a month later, and demonstrated Germany’s use of aircraft to destroy a country’s air combat capabilities early during an assault — a tactic Germany used repeatedly in its effort to make Europe German by capturing countries one by one. Blitzkrieg – lightning war, fast moving assaults using infantry and tanks supported by acft. The Phony War: The winter of 1939-1940 provided a lull in the fighting and grounded many aircraft. Winter War: The Soviet invasion of Finland and the subsequent Winter War between two neighbors of vastly different sizes demonstrated that attrition of a combatant’s resources, not absolute numbers of wins and losses, could determine the outcome of combat. WX restricted aerial operations. The Polish army was not prepared to fight. The Battle for France: Belgium and Holland were in Germany’s way around the northwestern end of France’s fortified Maginot Line, so the German Luftwaffe (Air Force) bombed Belgium and Dutch as well as French airfields and planes on the ground and German pilots fought particularly French and British aircraft in the air. Dunkirk: Pushed to the sea (the English Channel) by advancing German forces, the British Expeditionary Force and France’s Northern Army evacuated 300,000 men from Dunkirk to the safety of England across the channel — under the aerial protection of British Spitfires and other fighter planes. Germany won the battle over Dunkirk in terms of fighter stats. Germany flew 2,000 sorties and lost 37 acft, British flew 1,764 sorties & lost 106 acft. Mediterranean Region: Concurrent with the Battle for France, Germany launched a major paratroop attack against Crete, and Italy joined Germany in the fighting to conquer enemy lands in the Mediterranean region. French Governments: After the fall of France in June 1942, the French government became scattered governments: There was German-ruled “occupied France,” and south of that was authoritarian “Vichy France,” and throughout France there was a “resistance” movement, also south of the Mediterranean Sea were “Free French” colonies in Africa led by General Charles de Gualle who was in exile in Great Britain. Battle of Britain: The Battle of Britain was an air battle preliminary to a German invasion that never happened because the Royal Air Force escaped destruction on the ground and fought an effective defensive battle against Luftwaffe bombers, fighters, and blitz tactics. Britain had radar to guide airplanes from the ground. Battle of the Atlantic: The maritime battle of the Atlantic employed aircraft in reconnaissance, fighter, torpedo bomber, and other roles. Sortie – one mission by a single military plane. The German Luftwaffe was one of the most powerful, doctrinally advanced, and battle experienced air forces in the world when WWII started.

97.5 Bearing, courses, tracks, headings, radials, miles RVR Visibility Feet Visibility Statue miles All other mileages Nautical miles Poland Falls: The German invasion of Poland began on 1 September 1939, concluded with Poland’s surrender a month later, and demonstrated Germany’s use of aircraft to destroy a country’s air combat capabilities early during an assault — a tactic Germany used repeatedly in its effort to make Europe German by capturing countries one by one. Blitzkrieg – lightning war, fast moving assaults using infantry and tanks supported by acft. The Phony War: The winter of 1939-1940 provided a lull in the fighting and grounded many aircraft. Winter War: The Soviet invasion of Finland and the subsequent Winter War between two neighbors of vastly different sizes demonstrated that attrition of a combatant’s resources, not absolute numbers of wins and losses, could determine the outcome of combat. WX restricted aerial operations. The Polish army was not prepared to fight. The Battle for France: Belgium and Holland were in Germany’s way around the northwestern end of France’s fortified Maginot Line, so the German Luftwaffe (Air Force) bombed Belgium and Dutch as well as French airfields and planes on the ground and German pilots fought particularly French and British aircraft in the air. Dunkirk: Pushed to the sea (the English Channel) by advancing German forces, the British Expeditionary Force and France’s Northern Army evacuated 300,000 men from Dunkirk to the safety of England across the channel — under the aerial protection of British Spitfires and other fighter planes. Germany won the battle over Dunkirk in terms of fighter stats. Germany flew 2,000 sorties and lost 37 acft, British flew 1,764 sorties & lost 106 acft. Mediterranean Region: Concurrent with the Battle for France, Germany launched a major paratroop attack against Crete, and Italy joined Germany in the fighting to conquer enemy lands in the Mediterranean region. French Governments: After the fall of France in June 1942, the French government became scattered governments: There was German-ruled “occupied France,” and south of that was authoritarian “Vichy France,” and throughout France there was a “resistance” movement, also south of the Mediterranean Sea were “Free French” colonies in Africa led by General Charles de Gualle who was in exile in Great Britain. Battle of Britain: The Battle of Britain was an air battle preliminary to a German invasion that never happened because the Royal Air Force escaped destruction on the ground and fought an effective defensive battle against Luftwaffe bombers, fighters, and blitz tactics. Britain had radar to guide airplanes from the ground. Battle of the Atlantic: The maritime battle of the Atlantic employed aircraft in reconnaissance, fighter, torpedo bomber, and other roles. Sortie – one mission by a single military plane. The German Luftwaffe was one of the most powerful, doctrinally advanced, and battle experienced air forces in the world when WWII started.

Part 119 Certification: Air Carriers and Commercial Operators Subpart A General “Are right and wrong convertible terms dependent upon popular opinion?” William Lloyd Garrison Introduction World War II involved specialized aircraft produced in large numbers by various combatant nations, and many makes of familiar names domestically became known internationally. WWI spurred acft production, the acft were not available in the beginning of the war. There were many efforts to prevent war, but the militaristic goals of a few countries pulled other countries into conflict. WWII was worldwide with concentrations of fighting in Europe and the Pacific. Hitler wanted to acquired more living space which he tried to do by taking starting war with other countries.

119.1 Applicability Applies to anyone operating or intending to operate civil aircraft: As an air carrier or commercial operator, or both, or With seat configuration of 20 or more passengers, or maximum payload capacity of 6,000 pounds or more Anyone subject to this part must comply unless requirements are modified or added under part 129, 133, 137, or 139 Poland Falls: The German invasion of Poland began on 1 September 1939, concluded with Poland’s surrender a month later, and demonstrated Germany’s use of aircraft to destroy a country’s air combat capabilities early during an assault — a tactic Germany used repeatedly in its effort to make Europe German by capturing countries one by one. Blitzkrieg – lightning war, fast moving assaults using infantry and tanks supported by acft. The Phony War: The winter of 1939-1940 provided a lull in the fighting and grounded many aircraft. Winter War: The Soviet invasion of Finland and the subsequent Winter War between two neighbors of vastly different sizes demonstrated that attrition of a combatant’s resources, not absolute numbers of wins and losses, could determine the outcome of combat. WX restricted aerial operations. The Polish army was not prepared to fight. The Battle for France: Belgium and Holland were in Germany’s way around the northwestern end of France’s fortified Maginot Line, so the German Luftwaffe (Air Force) bombed Belgium and Dutch as well as French airfields and planes on the ground and German pilots fought particularly French and British aircraft in the air. Dunkirk: Pushed to the sea (the English Channel) by advancing German forces, the British Expeditionary Force and France’s Northern Army evacuated 300,000 men from Dunkirk to the safety of England across the channel — under the aerial protection of British Spitfires and other fighter planes. Germany won the battle over Dunkirk in terms of fighter stats. Germany flew 2,000 sorties and lost 37 acft, British flew 1,764 sorties & lost 106 acft. Mediterranean Region: Concurrent with the Battle for France, Germany launched a major paratroop attack against Crete, and Italy joined Germany in the fighting to conquer enemy lands in the Mediterranean region. French Governments: After the fall of France in June 1942, the French government became scattered governments: There was German-ruled “occupied France,” and south of that was authoritarian “Vichy France,” and throughout France there was a “resistance” movement, also south of the Mediterranean Sea were “Free French” colonies in Africa led by General Charles de Gualle who was in exile in Great Britain. Battle of Britain: The Battle of Britain was an air battle preliminary to a German invasion that never happened because the Royal Air Force escaped destruction on the ground and fought an effective defensive battle against Luftwaffe bombers, fighters, and blitz tactics. Britain had radar to guide airplanes from the ground. Battle of the Atlantic: The maritime battle of the Atlantic employed aircraft in reconnaissance, fighter, torpedo bomber, and other roles. Sortie – one mission by a single military plane. The German Luftwaffe was one of the most powerful, doctrinally advanced, and battle experienced air forces in the world when WWII started.

119.3 Definitions All-cargo operation Any operation for compensation or hire that is other than a passenger-carrying operation Certificate-holding district office FSDO charged with overall inspection of certificate holder’s operations Direct air carrier Provides or offers air transportation and has control over the operational functions Commercial operator For compensation or hire, engages in the carriage by aircraft in air commerce of persons or property Poland Falls: The German invasion of Poland began on 1 September 1939, concluded with Poland’s surrender a month later, and demonstrated Germany’s use of aircraft to destroy a country’s air combat capabilities early during an assault — a tactic Germany used repeatedly in its effort to make Europe German by capturing countries one by one. Blitzkrieg – lightning war, fast moving assaults using infantry and tanks supported by acft. The Phony War: The winter of 1939-1940 provided a lull in the fighting and grounded many aircraft. Winter War: The Soviet invasion of Finland and the subsequent Winter War between two neighbors of vastly different sizes demonstrated that attrition of a combatant’s resources, not absolute numbers of wins and losses, could determine the outcome of combat. WX restricted aerial operations. The Polish army was not prepared to fight. The Battle for France: Belgium and Holland were in Germany’s way around the northwestern end of France’s fortified Maginot Line, so the German Luftwaffe (Air Force) bombed Belgium and Dutch as well as French airfields and planes on the ground and German pilots fought particularly French and British aircraft in the air. Dunkirk: Pushed to the sea (the English Channel) by advancing German forces, the British Expeditionary Force and France’s Northern Army evacuated 300,000 men from Dunkirk to the safety of England across the channel — under the aerial protection of British Spitfires and other fighter planes. Germany won the battle over Dunkirk in terms of fighter stats. Germany flew 2,000 sorties and lost 37 acft, British flew 1,764 sorties & lost 106 acft. Mediterranean Region: Concurrent with the Battle for France, Germany launched a major paratroop attack against Crete, and Italy joined Germany in the fighting to conquer enemy lands in the Mediterranean region. French Governments: After the fall of France in June 1942, the French government became scattered governments: There was German-ruled “occupied France,” and south of that was authoritarian “Vichy France,” and throughout France there was a “resistance” movement, also south of the Mediterranean Sea were “Free French” colonies in Africa led by General Charles de Gualle who was in exile in Great Britain. Battle of Britain: The Battle of Britain was an air battle preliminary to a German invasion that never happened because the Royal Air Force escaped destruction on the ground and fought an effective defensive battle against Luftwaffe bombers, fighters, and blitz tactics. Britain had radar to guide airplanes from the ground. Battle of the Atlantic: The maritime battle of the Atlantic employed aircraft in reconnaissance, fighter, torpedo bomber, and other roles. Sortie – one mission by a single military plane. The German Luftwaffe was one of the most powerful, doctrinally advanced, and battle experienced air forces in the world when WWII started.

119.5 Certifications Air Carrier Certificate Operating Certificate Authorized to conduct operations as a direct air carrier Operating Certificate Authorized to conduct operations as a U.S. commercial operator, but not authorized to conduct direct air carrier operations Authorized to conduct operations when common carriage is not involved with configuration of 20 or more passengers or max payload capacity of 6,000 lbs or more Poland Falls: The German invasion of Poland began on 1 September 1939, concluded with Poland’s surrender a month later, and demonstrated Germany’s use of aircraft to destroy a country’s air combat capabilities early during an assault — a tactic Germany used repeatedly in its effort to make Europe German by capturing countries one by one. Blitzkrieg – lightning war, fast moving assaults using infantry and tanks supported by acft. The Phony War: The winter of 1939-1940 provided a lull in the fighting and grounded many aircraft. Winter War: The Soviet invasion of Finland and the subsequent Winter War between two neighbors of vastly different sizes demonstrated that attrition of a combatant’s resources, not absolute numbers of wins and losses, could determine the outcome of combat. WX restricted aerial operations. The Polish army was not prepared to fight. The Battle for France: Belgium and Holland were in Germany’s way around the northwestern end of France’s fortified Maginot Line, so the German Luftwaffe (Air Force) bombed Belgium and Dutch as well as French airfields and planes on the ground and German pilots fought particularly French and British aircraft in the air. Dunkirk: Pushed to the sea (the English Channel) by advancing German forces, the British Expeditionary Force and France’s Northern Army evacuated 300,000 men from Dunkirk to the safety of England across the channel — under the aerial protection of British Spitfires and other fighter planes. Germany won the battle over Dunkirk in terms of fighter stats. Germany flew 2,000 sorties and lost 37 acft, British flew 1,764 sorties & lost 106 acft. Mediterranean Region: Concurrent with the Battle for France, Germany launched a major paratroop attack against Crete, and Italy joined Germany in the fighting to conquer enemy lands in the Mediterranean region. French Governments: After the fall of France in June 1942, the French government became scattered governments: There was German-ruled “occupied France,” and south of that was authoritarian “Vichy France,” and throughout France there was a “resistance” movement, also south of the Mediterranean Sea were “Free French” colonies in Africa led by General Charles de Gualle who was in exile in Great Britain. Battle of Britain: The Battle of Britain was an air battle preliminary to a German invasion that never happened because the Royal Air Force escaped destruction on the ground and fought an effective defensive battle against Luftwaffe bombers, fighters, and blitz tactics. Britain had radar to guide airplanes from the ground. Battle of the Atlantic: The maritime battle of the Atlantic employed aircraft in reconnaissance, fighter, torpedo bomber, and other roles. Sortie – one mission by a single military plane. The German Luftwaffe was one of the most powerful, doctrinally advanced, and battle experienced air forces in the world when WWII started.

119.7 Ops Specs Ops Specs must contain Authorizations, limitations, and certain procedures under which each kind of operations is to be conducted Certain other procedures under which each class and size of aircraft is to be operated Ops Specs are not a part of a certificate except for paragraphs identifying authorized kinds of operations Poland Falls: The German invasion of Poland began on 1 September 1939, concluded with Poland’s surrender a month later, and demonstrated Germany’s use of aircraft to destroy a country’s air combat capabilities early during an assault — a tactic Germany used repeatedly in its effort to make Europe German by capturing countries one by one. Blitzkrieg – lightning war, fast moving assaults using infantry and tanks supported by acft. The Phony War: The winter of 1939-1940 provided a lull in the fighting and grounded many aircraft. Winter War: The Soviet invasion of Finland and the subsequent Winter War between two neighbors of vastly different sizes demonstrated that attrition of a combatant’s resources, not absolute numbers of wins and losses, could determine the outcome of combat. WX restricted aerial operations. The Polish army was not prepared to fight. The Battle for France: Belgium and Holland were in Germany’s way around the northwestern end of France’s fortified Maginot Line, so the German Luftwaffe (Air Force) bombed Belgium and Dutch as well as French airfields and planes on the ground and German pilots fought particularly French and British aircraft in the air. Dunkirk: Pushed to the sea (the English Channel) by advancing German forces, the British Expeditionary Force and France’s Northern Army evacuated 300,000 men from Dunkirk to the safety of England across the channel — under the aerial protection of British Spitfires and other fighter planes. Germany won the battle over Dunkirk in terms of fighter stats. Germany flew 2,000 sorties and lost 37 acft, British flew 1,764 sorties & lost 106 acft. Mediterranean Region: Concurrent with the Battle for France, Germany launched a major paratroop attack against Crete, and Italy joined Germany in the fighting to conquer enemy lands in the Mediterranean region. French Governments: After the fall of France in June 1942, the French government became scattered governments: There was German-ruled “occupied France,” and south of that was authoritarian “Vichy France,” and throughout France there was a “resistance” movement, also south of the Mediterranean Sea were “Free French” colonies in Africa led by General Charles de Gualle who was in exile in Great Britain. Battle of Britain: The Battle of Britain was an air battle preliminary to a German invasion that never happened because the Royal Air Force escaped destruction on the ground and fought an effective defensive battle against Luftwaffe bombers, fighters, and blitz tactics. Britain had radar to guide airplanes from the ground. Battle of the Atlantic: The maritime battle of the Atlantic employed aircraft in reconnaissance, fighter, torpedo bomber, and other roles. Sortie – one mission by a single military plane. The German Luftwaffe was one of the most powerful, doctrinally advanced, and battle experienced air forces in the world when WWII started.

119.33 Certificate Requirements Direct air carrier U.S. citizen Obtain Air Carrier Certificate Operations specifications that prescribe authorizations, limitations, and procedures Commercial passenger or cargo aircraft Obtain Operating Certificate Poland Falls: The German invasion of Poland began on 1 September 1939, concluded with Poland’s surrender a month later, and demonstrated Germany’s use of aircraft to destroy a country’s air combat capabilities early during an assault — a tactic Germany used repeatedly in its effort to make Europe German by capturing countries one by one. Blitzkrieg – lightning war, fast moving assaults using infantry and tanks supported by acft. The Phony War: The winter of 1939-1940 provided a lull in the fighting and grounded many aircraft. Winter War: The Soviet invasion of Finland and the subsequent Winter War between two neighbors of vastly different sizes demonstrated that attrition of a combatant’s resources, not absolute numbers of wins and losses, could determine the outcome of combat. WX restricted aerial operations. The Polish army was not prepared to fight. The Battle for France: Belgium and Holland were in Germany’s way around the northwestern end of France’s fortified Maginot Line, so the German Luftwaffe (Air Force) bombed Belgium and Dutch as well as French airfields and planes on the ground and German pilots fought particularly French and British aircraft in the air. Dunkirk: Pushed to the sea (the English Channel) by advancing German forces, the British Expeditionary Force and France’s Northern Army evacuated 300,000 men from Dunkirk to the safety of England across the channel — under the aerial protection of British Spitfires and other fighter planes. Germany won the battle over Dunkirk in terms of fighter stats. Germany flew 2,000 sorties and lost 37 acft, British flew 1,764 sorties & lost 106 acft. Mediterranean Region: Concurrent with the Battle for France, Germany launched a major paratroop attack against Crete, and Italy joined Germany in the fighting to conquer enemy lands in the Mediterranean region. French Governments: After the fall of France in June 1942, the French government became scattered governments: There was German-ruled “occupied France,” and south of that was authoritarian “Vichy France,” and throughout France there was a “resistance” movement, also south of the Mediterranean Sea were “Free French” colonies in Africa led by General Charles de Gualle who was in exile in Great Britain. Battle of Britain: The Battle of Britain was an air battle preliminary to a German invasion that never happened because the Royal Air Force escaped destruction on the ground and fought an effective defensive battle against Luftwaffe bombers, fighters, and blitz tactics. Britain had radar to guide airplanes from the ground. Battle of the Atlantic: The maritime battle of the Atlantic employed aircraft in reconnaissance, fighter, torpedo bomber, and other roles. Sortie – one mission by a single military plane. The German Luftwaffe was one of the most powerful, doctrinally advanced, and battle experienced air forces in the world when WWII started.

119.37 Air Carrier/Operating Certificate Contents include: Certificate holder’s name Location of holder’s principal base of operations Certificate number Certificate effective date Name of designator of certificate-holding district office Poland Falls: The German invasion of Poland began on 1 September 1939, concluded with Poland’s surrender a month later, and demonstrated Germany’s use of aircraft to destroy a country’s air combat capabilities early during an assault — a tactic Germany used repeatedly in its effort to make Europe German by capturing countries one by one. Blitzkrieg – lightning war, fast moving assaults using infantry and tanks supported by acft. The Phony War: The winter of 1939-1940 provided a lull in the fighting and grounded many aircraft. Winter War: The Soviet invasion of Finland and the subsequent Winter War between two neighbors of vastly different sizes demonstrated that attrition of a combatant’s resources, not absolute numbers of wins and losses, could determine the outcome of combat. WX restricted aerial operations. The Polish army was not prepared to fight. The Battle for France: Belgium and Holland were in Germany’s way around the northwestern end of France’s fortified Maginot Line, so the German Luftwaffe (Air Force) bombed Belgium and Dutch as well as French airfields and planes on the ground and German pilots fought particularly French and British aircraft in the air. Dunkirk: Pushed to the sea (the English Channel) by advancing German forces, the British Expeditionary Force and France’s Northern Army evacuated 300,000 men from Dunkirk to the safety of England across the channel — under the aerial protection of British Spitfires and other fighter planes. Germany won the battle over Dunkirk in terms of fighter stats. Germany flew 2,000 sorties and lost 37 acft, British flew 1,764 sorties & lost 106 acft. Mediterranean Region: Concurrent with the Battle for France, Germany launched a major paratroop attack against Crete, and Italy joined Germany in the fighting to conquer enemy lands in the Mediterranean region. French Governments: After the fall of France in June 1942, the French government became scattered governments: There was German-ruled “occupied France,” and south of that was authoritarian “Vichy France,” and throughout France there was a “resistance” movement, also south of the Mediterranean Sea were “Free French” colonies in Africa led by General Charles de Gualle who was in exile in Great Britain. Battle of Britain: The Battle of Britain was an air battle preliminary to a German invasion that never happened because the Royal Air Force escaped destruction on the ground and fought an effective defensive battle against Luftwaffe bombers, fighters, and blitz tactics. Britain had radar to guide airplanes from the ground. Battle of the Atlantic: The maritime battle of the Atlantic employed aircraft in reconnaissance, fighter, torpedo bomber, and other roles. Sortie – one mission by a single military plane. The German Luftwaffe was one of the most powerful, doctrinally advanced, and battle experienced air forces in the world when WWII started.

119.39 Issuing Certificate Applicant Meets applicable requirements of this part Holds economic authority applicable Issued by Department of Transportation Properly/adequately equipped and able to conduct safe operations Poland Falls: The German invasion of Poland began on 1 September 1939, concluded with Poland’s surrender a month later, and demonstrated Germany’s use of aircraft to destroy a country’s air combat capabilities early during an assault — a tactic Germany used repeatedly in its effort to make Europe German by capturing countries one by one. Blitzkrieg – lightning war, fast moving assaults using infantry and tanks supported by acft. The Phony War: The winter of 1939-1940 provided a lull in the fighting and grounded many aircraft. Winter War: The Soviet invasion of Finland and the subsequent Winter War between two neighbors of vastly different sizes demonstrated that attrition of a combatant’s resources, not absolute numbers of wins and losses, could determine the outcome of combat. WX restricted aerial operations. The Polish army was not prepared to fight. The Battle for France: Belgium and Holland were in Germany’s way around the northwestern end of France’s fortified Maginot Line, so the German Luftwaffe (Air Force) bombed Belgium and Dutch as well as French airfields and planes on the ground and German pilots fought particularly French and British aircraft in the air. Dunkirk: Pushed to the sea (the English Channel) by advancing German forces, the British Expeditionary Force and France’s Northern Army evacuated 300,000 men from Dunkirk to the safety of England across the channel — under the aerial protection of British Spitfires and other fighter planes. Germany won the battle over Dunkirk in terms of fighter stats. Germany flew 2,000 sorties and lost 37 acft, British flew 1,764 sorties & lost 106 acft. Mediterranean Region: Concurrent with the Battle for France, Germany launched a major paratroop attack against Crete, and Italy joined Germany in the fighting to conquer enemy lands in the Mediterranean region. French Governments: After the fall of France in June 1942, the French government became scattered governments: There was German-ruled “occupied France,” and south of that was authoritarian “Vichy France,” and throughout France there was a “resistance” movement, also south of the Mediterranean Sea were “Free French” colonies in Africa led by General Charles de Gualle who was in exile in Great Britain. Battle of Britain: The Battle of Britain was an air battle preliminary to a German invasion that never happened because the Royal Air Force escaped destruction on the ground and fought an effective defensive battle against Luftwaffe bombers, fighters, and blitz tactics. Britain had radar to guide airplanes from the ground. Battle of the Atlantic: The maritime battle of the Atlantic employed aircraft in reconnaissance, fighter, torpedo bomber, and other roles. Sortie – one mission by a single military plane. The German Luftwaffe was one of the most powerful, doctrinally advanced, and battle experienced air forces in the world when WWII started.

119.39 Issuing Certificate Denying certificate Not properly/adequately equipped or Able to conduct safe operations Previously held air carrier or operating certificate that was revoked Applicant intends to fill key management positions with: Individual who exercised control in similar position with holder whose certificate was revoked Process of being revoked Individual materially contributed to cause of revocation Poland Falls: The German invasion of Poland began on 1 September 1939, concluded with Poland’s surrender a month later, and demonstrated Germany’s use of aircraft to destroy a country’s air combat capabilities early during an assault — a tactic Germany used repeatedly in its effort to make Europe German by capturing countries one by one. Blitzkrieg – lightning war, fast moving assaults using infantry and tanks supported by acft. The Phony War: The winter of 1939-1940 provided a lull in the fighting and grounded many aircraft. Winter War: The Soviet invasion of Finland and the subsequent Winter War between two neighbors of vastly different sizes demonstrated that attrition of a combatant’s resources, not absolute numbers of wins and losses, could determine the outcome of combat. WX restricted aerial operations. The Polish army was not prepared to fight. The Battle for France: Belgium and Holland were in Germany’s way around the northwestern end of France’s fortified Maginot Line, so the German Luftwaffe (Air Force) bombed Belgium and Dutch as well as French airfields and planes on the ground and German pilots fought particularly French and British aircraft in the air. Dunkirk: Pushed to the sea (the English Channel) by advancing German forces, the British Expeditionary Force and France’s Northern Army evacuated 300,000 men from Dunkirk to the safety of England across the channel — under the aerial protection of British Spitfires and other fighter planes. Germany won the battle over Dunkirk in terms of fighter stats. Germany flew 2,000 sorties and lost 37 acft, British flew 1,764 sorties & lost 106 acft. Mediterranean Region: Concurrent with the Battle for France, Germany launched a major paratroop attack against Crete, and Italy joined Germany in the fighting to conquer enemy lands in the Mediterranean region. French Governments: After the fall of France in June 1942, the French government became scattered governments: There was German-ruled “occupied France,” and south of that was authoritarian “Vichy France,” and throughout France there was a “resistance” movement, also south of the Mediterranean Sea were “Free French” colonies in Africa led by General Charles de Gualle who was in exile in Great Britain. Battle of Britain: The Battle of Britain was an air battle preliminary to a German invasion that never happened because the Royal Air Force escaped destruction on the ground and fought an effective defensive battle against Luftwaffe bombers, fighters, and blitz tactics. Britain had radar to guide airplanes from the ground. Battle of the Atlantic: The maritime battle of the Atlantic employed aircraft in reconnaissance, fighter, torpedo bomber, and other roles. Sortie – one mission by a single military plane. The German Luftwaffe was one of the most powerful, doctrinally advanced, and battle experienced air forces in the world when WWII started.

119.39 Issuing Certificate Denying certificate Applicant intends to fill key management positions with: Individual who exercised control in similar position with holder whose certificate was revoked Process of being revoked Individual materially contributed to cause of revocation Individual will have control or substantial ownership interest but exercised control In similar position with holder whose certificate was revoked Cannot conduct safe operations based on financial reasons Poland Falls: The German invasion of Poland began on 1 September 1939, concluded with Poland’s surrender a month later, and demonstrated Germany’s use of aircraft to destroy a country’s air combat capabilities early during an assault — a tactic Germany used repeatedly in its effort to make Europe German by capturing countries one by one. Blitzkrieg – lightning war, fast moving assaults using infantry and tanks supported by acft. The Phony War: The winter of 1939-1940 provided a lull in the fighting and grounded many aircraft. Winter War: The Soviet invasion of Finland and the subsequent Winter War between two neighbors of vastly different sizes demonstrated that attrition of a combatant’s resources, not absolute numbers of wins and losses, could determine the outcome of combat. WX restricted aerial operations. The Polish army was not prepared to fight. The Battle for France: Belgium and Holland were in Germany’s way around the northwestern end of France’s fortified Maginot Line, so the German Luftwaffe (Air Force) bombed Belgium and Dutch as well as French airfields and planes on the ground and German pilots fought particularly French and British aircraft in the air. Dunkirk: Pushed to the sea (the English Channel) by advancing German forces, the British Expeditionary Force and France’s Northern Army evacuated 300,000 men from Dunkirk to the safety of England across the channel — under the aerial protection of British Spitfires and other fighter planes. Germany won the battle over Dunkirk in terms of fighter stats. Germany flew 2,000 sorties and lost 37 acft, British flew 1,764 sorties & lost 106 acft. Mediterranean Region: Concurrent with the Battle for France, Germany launched a major paratroop attack against Crete, and Italy joined Germany in the fighting to conquer enemy lands in the Mediterranean region. French Governments: After the fall of France in June 1942, the French government became scattered governments: There was German-ruled “occupied France,” and south of that was authoritarian “Vichy France,” and throughout France there was a “resistance” movement, also south of the Mediterranean Sea were “Free French” colonies in Africa led by General Charles de Gualle who was in exile in Great Britain. Battle of Britain: The Battle of Britain was an air battle preliminary to a German invasion that never happened because the Royal Air Force escaped destruction on the ground and fought an effective defensive battle against Luftwaffe bombers, fighters, and blitz tactics. Britain had radar to guide airplanes from the ground. Battle of the Atlantic: The maritime battle of the Atlantic employed aircraft in reconnaissance, fighter, torpedo bomber, and other roles. Sortie – one mission by a single military plane. The German Luftwaffe was one of the most powerful, doctrinally advanced, and battle experienced air forces in the world when WWII started.

119.61 Certificate Duration Effective until: Certificate holder surrenders it to Administrator Administrator Suspends Revokes Otherwise terminates certificate Operations specifications effective until: Specification amended Poland Falls: The German invasion of Poland began on 1 September 1939, concluded with Poland’s surrender a month later, and demonstrated Germany’s use of aircraft to destroy a country’s air combat capabilities early during an assault — a tactic Germany used repeatedly in its effort to make Europe German by capturing countries one by one. Blitzkrieg – lightning war, fast moving assaults using infantry and tanks supported by acft. The Phony War: The winter of 1939-1940 provided a lull in the fighting and grounded many aircraft. Winter War: The Soviet invasion of Finland and the subsequent Winter War between two neighbors of vastly different sizes demonstrated that attrition of a combatant’s resources, not absolute numbers of wins and losses, could determine the outcome of combat. WX restricted aerial operations. The Polish army was not prepared to fight. The Battle for France: Belgium and Holland were in Germany’s way around the northwestern end of France’s fortified Maginot Line, so the German Luftwaffe (Air Force) bombed Belgium and Dutch as well as French airfields and planes on the ground and German pilots fought particularly French and British aircraft in the air. Dunkirk: Pushed to the sea (the English Channel) by advancing German forces, the British Expeditionary Force and France’s Northern Army evacuated 300,000 men from Dunkirk to the safety of England across the channel — under the aerial protection of British Spitfires and other fighter planes. Germany won the battle over Dunkirk in terms of fighter stats. Germany flew 2,000 sorties and lost 37 acft, British flew 1,764 sorties & lost 106 acft. Mediterranean Region: Concurrent with the Battle for France, Germany launched a major paratroop attack against Crete, and Italy joined Germany in the fighting to conquer enemy lands in the Mediterranean region. French Governments: After the fall of France in June 1942, the French government became scattered governments: There was German-ruled “occupied France,” and south of that was authoritarian “Vichy France,” and throughout France there was a “resistance” movement, also south of the Mediterranean Sea were “Free French” colonies in Africa led by General Charles de Gualle who was in exile in Great Britain. Battle of Britain: The Battle of Britain was an air battle preliminary to a German invasion that never happened because the Royal Air Force escaped destruction on the ground and fought an effective defensive battle against Luftwaffe bombers, fighters, and blitz tactics. Britain had radar to guide airplanes from the ground. Battle of the Atlantic: The maritime battle of the Atlantic employed aircraft in reconnaissance, fighter, torpedo bomber, and other roles. Sortie – one mission by a single military plane. The German Luftwaffe was one of the most powerful, doctrinally advanced, and battle experienced air forces in the world when WWII started.

119.63 Recency of Operations Conducted operations within the preceding number of days Domestic, flag, or commuter operations 30 days Supplemental or on-demand operations 90 days Failure to meet recency requirements: Advise Administrator At least 5 consecutive calendar days before resuming that kind of operation Available and accessible during the 5 consecutive calendar days for a full inspection reexamination Poland Falls: The German invasion of Poland began on 1 September 1939, concluded with Poland’s surrender a month later, and demonstrated Germany’s use of aircraft to destroy a country’s air combat capabilities early during an assault — a tactic Germany used repeatedly in its effort to make Europe German by capturing countries one by one. Blitzkrieg – lightning war, fast moving assaults using infantry and tanks supported by acft. The Phony War: The winter of 1939-1940 provided a lull in the fighting and grounded many aircraft. Winter War: The Soviet invasion of Finland and the subsequent Winter War between two neighbors of vastly different sizes demonstrated that attrition of a combatant’s resources, not absolute numbers of wins and losses, could determine the outcome of combat. WX restricted aerial operations. The Polish army was not prepared to fight. The Battle for France: Belgium and Holland were in Germany’s way around the northwestern end of France’s fortified Maginot Line, so the German Luftwaffe (Air Force) bombed Belgium and Dutch as well as French airfields and planes on the ground and German pilots fought particularly French and British aircraft in the air. Dunkirk: Pushed to the sea (the English Channel) by advancing German forces, the British Expeditionary Force and France’s Northern Army evacuated 300,000 men from Dunkirk to the safety of England across the channel — under the aerial protection of British Spitfires and other fighter planes. Germany won the battle over Dunkirk in terms of fighter stats. Germany flew 2,000 sorties and lost 37 acft, British flew 1,764 sorties & lost 106 acft. Mediterranean Region: Concurrent with the Battle for France, Germany launched a major paratroop attack against Crete, and Italy joined Germany in the fighting to conquer enemy lands in the Mediterranean region. French Governments: After the fall of France in June 1942, the French government became scattered governments: There was German-ruled “occupied France,” and south of that was authoritarian “Vichy France,” and throughout France there was a “resistance” movement, also south of the Mediterranean Sea were “Free French” colonies in Africa led by General Charles de Gualle who was in exile in Great Britain. Battle of Britain: The Battle of Britain was an air battle preliminary to a German invasion that never happened because the Royal Air Force escaped destruction on the ground and fought an effective defensive battle against Luftwaffe bombers, fighters, and blitz tactics. Britain had radar to guide airplanes from the ground. Battle of the Atlantic: The maritime battle of the Atlantic employed aircraft in reconnaissance, fighter, torpedo bomber, and other roles. Sortie – one mission by a single military plane. The German Luftwaffe was one of the most powerful, doctrinally advanced, and battle experienced air forces in the world when WWII started.

119.65 Management personnel Required under part 121 Director of safety Director of operations Chief pilot Director of maintenance Chief inspector Number of positions can vary depending on Kind of operation involved Number and type of airplanes Area of operations Poland Falls: The German invasion of Poland began on 1 September 1939, concluded with Poland’s surrender a month later, and demonstrated Germany’s use of aircraft to destroy a country’s air combat capabilities early during an assault — a tactic Germany used repeatedly in its effort to make Europe German by capturing countries one by one. Blitzkrieg – lightning war, fast moving assaults using infantry and tanks supported by acft. The Phony War: The winter of 1939-1940 provided a lull in the fighting and grounded many aircraft. Winter War: The Soviet invasion of Finland and the subsequent Winter War between two neighbors of vastly different sizes demonstrated that attrition of a combatant’s resources, not absolute numbers of wins and losses, could determine the outcome of combat. WX restricted aerial operations. The Polish army was not prepared to fight. The Battle for France: Belgium and Holland were in Germany’s way around the northwestern end of France’s fortified Maginot Line, so the German Luftwaffe (Air Force) bombed Belgium and Dutch as well as French airfields and planes on the ground and German pilots fought particularly French and British aircraft in the air. Dunkirk: Pushed to the sea (the English Channel) by advancing German forces, the British Expeditionary Force and France’s Northern Army evacuated 300,000 men from Dunkirk to the safety of England across the channel — under the aerial protection of British Spitfires and other fighter planes. Germany won the battle over Dunkirk in terms of fighter stats. Germany flew 2,000 sorties and lost 37 acft, British flew 1,764 sorties & lost 106 acft. Mediterranean Region: Concurrent with the Battle for France, Germany launched a major paratroop attack against Crete, and Italy joined Germany in the fighting to conquer enemy lands in the Mediterranean region. French Governments: After the fall of France in June 1942, the French government became scattered governments: There was German-ruled “occupied France,” and south of that was authoritarian “Vichy France,” and throughout France there was a “resistance” movement, also south of the Mediterranean Sea were “Free French” colonies in Africa led by General Charles de Gualle who was in exile in Great Britain. Battle of Britain: The Battle of Britain was an air battle preliminary to a German invasion that never happened because the Royal Air Force escaped destruction on the ground and fought an effective defensive battle against Luftwaffe bombers, fighters, and blitz tactics. Britain had radar to guide airplanes from the ground. Battle of the Atlantic: The maritime battle of the Atlantic employed aircraft in reconnaissance, fighter, torpedo bomber, and other roles. Sortie – one mission by a single military plane. The German Luftwaffe was one of the most powerful, doctrinally advanced, and battle experienced air forces in the world when WWII started.

119.65 Management personnel Individuals must be Qualified through training, experience, expertise Full understanding of Aviation safety standards and safe operating practices FAR Certificate holder’s operations specifications Appropriate maintenance/airworthiness requirements Manual required by 121.133 of this chapter Poland Falls: The German invasion of Poland began on 1 September 1939, concluded with Poland’s surrender a month later, and demonstrated Germany’s use of aircraft to destroy a country’s air combat capabilities early during an assault — a tactic Germany used repeatedly in its effort to make Europe German by capturing countries one by one. Blitzkrieg – lightning war, fast moving assaults using infantry and tanks supported by acft. The Phony War: The winter of 1939-1940 provided a lull in the fighting and grounded many aircraft. Winter War: The Soviet invasion of Finland and the subsequent Winter War between two neighbors of vastly different sizes demonstrated that attrition of a combatant’s resources, not absolute numbers of wins and losses, could determine the outcome of combat. WX restricted aerial operations. The Polish army was not prepared to fight. The Battle for France: Belgium and Holland were in Germany’s way around the northwestern end of France’s fortified Maginot Line, so the German Luftwaffe (Air Force) bombed Belgium and Dutch as well as French airfields and planes on the ground and German pilots fought particularly French and British aircraft in the air. Dunkirk: Pushed to the sea (the English Channel) by advancing German forces, the British Expeditionary Force and France’s Northern Army evacuated 300,000 men from Dunkirk to the safety of England across the channel — under the aerial protection of British Spitfires and other fighter planes. Germany won the battle over Dunkirk in terms of fighter stats. Germany flew 2,000 sorties and lost 37 acft, British flew 1,764 sorties & lost 106 acft. Mediterranean Region: Concurrent with the Battle for France, Germany launched a major paratroop attack against Crete, and Italy joined Germany in the fighting to conquer enemy lands in the Mediterranean region. French Governments: After the fall of France in June 1942, the French government became scattered governments: There was German-ruled “occupied France,” and south of that was authoritarian “Vichy France,” and throughout France there was a “resistance” movement, also south of the Mediterranean Sea were “Free French” colonies in Africa led by General Charles de Gualle who was in exile in Great Britain. Battle of Britain: The Battle of Britain was an air battle preliminary to a German invasion that never happened because the Royal Air Force escaped destruction on the ground and fought an effective defensive battle against Luftwaffe bombers, fighters, and blitz tactics. Britain had radar to guide airplanes from the ground. Battle of the Atlantic: The maritime battle of the Atlantic employed aircraft in reconnaissance, fighter, torpedo bomber, and other roles. Sortie – one mission by a single military plane. The German Luftwaffe was one of the most powerful, doctrinally advanced, and battle experienced air forces in the world when WWII started.

119.65 Management personnel Certificate holder must State in the general policy provisions of the manual Duties, responsibilities, and authority of personnel List names and business addresses of individuals assigned to those positions Notify certificate-holding district office within 10 days of any change in personnel or any vacancy in any position listed Poland Falls: The German invasion of Poland began on 1 September 1939, concluded with Poland’s surrender a month later, and demonstrated Germany’s use of aircraft to destroy a country’s air combat capabilities early during an assault — a tactic Germany used repeatedly in its effort to make Europe German by capturing countries one by one. Blitzkrieg – lightning war, fast moving assaults using infantry and tanks supported by acft. The Phony War: The winter of 1939-1940 provided a lull in the fighting and grounded many aircraft. Winter War: The Soviet invasion of Finland and the subsequent Winter War between two neighbors of vastly different sizes demonstrated that attrition of a combatant’s resources, not absolute numbers of wins and losses, could determine the outcome of combat. WX restricted aerial operations. The Polish army was not prepared to fight. The Battle for France: Belgium and Holland were in Germany’s way around the northwestern end of France’s fortified Maginot Line, so the German Luftwaffe (Air Force) bombed Belgium and Dutch as well as French airfields and planes on the ground and German pilots fought particularly French and British aircraft in the air. Dunkirk: Pushed to the sea (the English Channel) by advancing German forces, the British Expeditionary Force and France’s Northern Army evacuated 300,000 men from Dunkirk to the safety of England across the channel — under the aerial protection of British Spitfires and other fighter planes. Germany won the battle over Dunkirk in terms of fighter stats. Germany flew 2,000 sorties and lost 37 acft, British flew 1,764 sorties & lost 106 acft. Mediterranean Region: Concurrent with the Battle for France, Germany launched a major paratroop attack against Crete, and Italy joined Germany in the fighting to conquer enemy lands in the Mediterranean region. French Governments: After the fall of France in June 1942, the French government became scattered governments: There was German-ruled “occupied France,” and south of that was authoritarian “Vichy France,” and throughout France there was a “resistance” movement, also south of the Mediterranean Sea were “Free French” colonies in Africa led by General Charles de Gualle who was in exile in Great Britain. Battle of Britain: The Battle of Britain was an air battle preliminary to a German invasion that never happened because the Royal Air Force escaped destruction on the ground and fought an effective defensive battle against Luftwaffe bombers, fighters, and blitz tactics. Britain had radar to guide airplanes from the ground. Battle of the Atlantic: The maritime battle of the Atlantic employed aircraft in reconnaissance, fighter, torpedo bomber, and other roles. Sortie – one mission by a single military plane. The German Luftwaffe was one of the most powerful, doctrinally advanced, and battle experienced air forces in the world when WWII started.

119.67 Management Quals Director of Operations Chief Pilot Hold ATP At least 3 years supervisory or managerial position within last 6 years Chief Pilot Hold ATP with appropriate ratings for at least one of the airplanes used by certificate holder Poland Falls: The German invasion of Poland began on 1 September 1939, concluded with Poland’s surrender a month later, and demonstrated Germany’s use of aircraft to destroy a country’s air combat capabilities early during an assault — a tactic Germany used repeatedly in its effort to make Europe German by capturing countries one by one. Blitzkrieg – lightning war, fast moving assaults using infantry and tanks supported by acft. The Phony War: The winter of 1939-1940 provided a lull in the fighting and grounded many aircraft. Winter War: The Soviet invasion of Finland and the subsequent Winter War between two neighbors of vastly different sizes demonstrated that attrition of a combatant’s resources, not absolute numbers of wins and losses, could determine the outcome of combat. WX restricted aerial operations. The Polish army was not prepared to fight. The Battle for France: Belgium and Holland were in Germany’s way around the northwestern end of France’s fortified Maginot Line, so the German Luftwaffe (Air Force) bombed Belgium and Dutch as well as French airfields and planes on the ground and German pilots fought particularly French and British aircraft in the air. Dunkirk: Pushed to the sea (the English Channel) by advancing German forces, the British Expeditionary Force and France’s Northern Army evacuated 300,000 men from Dunkirk to the safety of England across the channel — under the aerial protection of British Spitfires and other fighter planes. Germany won the battle over Dunkirk in terms of fighter stats. Germany flew 2,000 sorties and lost 37 acft, British flew 1,764 sorties & lost 106 acft. Mediterranean Region: Concurrent with the Battle for France, Germany launched a major paratroop attack against Crete, and Italy joined Germany in the fighting to conquer enemy lands in the Mediterranean region. French Governments: After the fall of France in June 1942, the French government became scattered governments: There was German-ruled “occupied France,” and south of that was authoritarian “Vichy France,” and throughout France there was a “resistance” movement, also south of the Mediterranean Sea were “Free French” colonies in Africa led by General Charles de Gualle who was in exile in Great Britain. Battle of Britain: The Battle of Britain was an air battle preliminary to a German invasion that never happened because the Royal Air Force escaped destruction on the ground and fought an effective defensive battle against Luftwaffe bombers, fighters, and blitz tactics. Britain had radar to guide airplanes from the ground. Battle of the Atlantic: The maritime battle of the Atlantic employed aircraft in reconnaissance, fighter, torpedo bomber, and other roles. Sortie – one mission by a single military plane. The German Luftwaffe was one of the most powerful, doctrinally advanced, and battle experienced air forces in the world when WWII started.

119.67 Management Quals Director of Maintenance Mechanic certificate with airframe and powerplant ratings 1 year experience in position responsible for returning airplanes to service I year experience in a supervisory capacity 3 years experience within the past 6 years Maintaining large airplane with 10 or more passenger seats Repairing airplanes in a certificated airframe repair station Poland Falls: The German invasion of Poland began on 1 September 1939, concluded with Poland’s surrender a month later, and demonstrated Germany’s use of aircraft to destroy a country’s air combat capabilities early during an assault — a tactic Germany used repeatedly in its effort to make Europe German by capturing countries one by one. Blitzkrieg – lightning war, fast moving assaults using infantry and tanks supported by acft. The Phony War: The winter of 1939-1940 provided a lull in the fighting and grounded many aircraft. Winter War: The Soviet invasion of Finland and the subsequent Winter War between two neighbors of vastly different sizes demonstrated that attrition of a combatant’s resources, not absolute numbers of wins and losses, could determine the outcome of combat. WX restricted aerial operations. The Polish army was not prepared to fight. The Battle for France: Belgium and Holland were in Germany’s way around the northwestern end of France’s fortified Maginot Line, so the German Luftwaffe (Air Force) bombed Belgium and Dutch as well as French airfields and planes on the ground and German pilots fought particularly French and British aircraft in the air. Dunkirk: Pushed to the sea (the English Channel) by advancing German forces, the British Expeditionary Force and France’s Northern Army evacuated 300,000 men from Dunkirk to the safety of England across the channel — under the aerial protection of British Spitfires and other fighter planes. Germany won the battle over Dunkirk in terms of fighter stats. Germany flew 2,000 sorties and lost 37 acft, British flew 1,764 sorties & lost 106 acft. Mediterranean Region: Concurrent with the Battle for France, Germany launched a major paratroop attack against Crete, and Italy joined Germany in the fighting to conquer enemy lands in the Mediterranean region. French Governments: After the fall of France in June 1942, the French government became scattered governments: There was German-ruled “occupied France,” and south of that was authoritarian “Vichy France,” and throughout France there was a “resistance” movement, also south of the Mediterranean Sea were “Free French” colonies in Africa led by General Charles de Gualle who was in exile in Great Britain. Battle of Britain: The Battle of Britain was an air battle preliminary to a German invasion that never happened because the Royal Air Force escaped destruction on the ground and fought an effective defensive battle against Luftwaffe bombers, fighters, and blitz tactics. Britain had radar to guide airplanes from the ground. Battle of the Atlantic: The maritime battle of the Atlantic employed aircraft in reconnaissance, fighter, torpedo bomber, and other roles. Sortie – one mission by a single military plane. The German Luftwaffe was one of the most powerful, doctrinally advanced, and battle experienced air forces in the world when WWII started.

119.67 Management Quals Chief Inspector Mechanic certificate with airframe and powerplant ratings for at least 3 years At least 3 years of maintenance experience on Different types of large airplanes 10 or more passenger seats With air carrier or certificated repair station I year experience in a supervisory capacity Poland Falls: The German invasion of Poland began on 1 September 1939, concluded with Poland’s surrender a month later, and demonstrated Germany’s use of aircraft to destroy a country’s air combat capabilities early during an assault — a tactic Germany used repeatedly in its effort to make Europe German by capturing countries one by one. Blitzkrieg – lightning war, fast moving assaults using infantry and tanks supported by acft. The Phony War: The winter of 1939-1940 provided a lull in the fighting and grounded many aircraft. Winter War: The Soviet invasion of Finland and the subsequent Winter War between two neighbors of vastly different sizes demonstrated that attrition of a combatant’s resources, not absolute numbers of wins and losses, could determine the outcome of combat. WX restricted aerial operations. The Polish army was not prepared to fight. The Battle for France: Belgium and Holland were in Germany’s way around the northwestern end of France’s fortified Maginot Line, so the German Luftwaffe (Air Force) bombed Belgium and Dutch as well as French airfields and planes on the ground and German pilots fought particularly French and British aircraft in the air. Dunkirk: Pushed to the sea (the English Channel) by advancing German forces, the British Expeditionary Force and France’s Northern Army evacuated 300,000 men from Dunkirk to the safety of England across the channel — under the aerial protection of British Spitfires and other fighter planes. Germany won the battle over Dunkirk in terms of fighter stats. Germany flew 2,000 sorties and lost 37 acft, British flew 1,764 sorties & lost 106 acft. Mediterranean Region: Concurrent with the Battle for France, Germany launched a major paratroop attack against Crete, and Italy joined Germany in the fighting to conquer enemy lands in the Mediterranean region. French Governments: After the fall of France in June 1942, the French government became scattered governments: There was German-ruled “occupied France,” and south of that was authoritarian “Vichy France,” and throughout France there was a “resistance” movement, also south of the Mediterranean Sea were “Free French” colonies in Africa led by General Charles de Gualle who was in exile in Great Britain. Battle of Britain: The Battle of Britain was an air battle preliminary to a German invasion that never happened because the Royal Air Force escaped destruction on the ground and fought an effective defensive battle against Luftwaffe bombers, fighters, and blitz tactics. Britain had radar to guide airplanes from the ground. Battle of the Atlantic: The maritime battle of the Atlantic employed aircraft in reconnaissance, fighter, torpedo bomber, and other roles. Sortie – one mission by a single military plane. The German Luftwaffe was one of the most powerful, doctrinally advanced, and battle experienced air forces in the world when WWII started.

119.73 Former FAA Employees Cannot employ or have contractual arrangement if individual has, within preceding 2 years Served, or responsible for oversight of Flight Standards Service aviation safety inspector Direct responsibility to inspect, oversee inspection of operations of certificate holder Poland Falls: The German invasion of Poland began on 1 September 1939, concluded with Poland’s surrender a month later, and demonstrated Germany’s use of aircraft to destroy a country’s air combat capabilities early during an assault — a tactic Germany used repeatedly in its effort to make Europe German by capturing countries one by one. Blitzkrieg – lightning war, fast moving assaults using infantry and tanks supported by acft. The Phony War: The winter of 1939-1940 provided a lull in the fighting and grounded many aircraft. Winter War: The Soviet invasion of Finland and the subsequent Winter War between two neighbors of vastly different sizes demonstrated that attrition of a combatant’s resources, not absolute numbers of wins and losses, could determine the outcome of combat. WX restricted aerial operations. The Polish army was not prepared to fight. The Battle for France: Belgium and Holland were in Germany’s way around the northwestern end of France’s fortified Maginot Line, so the German Luftwaffe (Air Force) bombed Belgium and Dutch as well as French airfields and planes on the ground and German pilots fought particularly French and British aircraft in the air. Dunkirk: Pushed to the sea (the English Channel) by advancing German forces, the British Expeditionary Force and France’s Northern Army evacuated 300,000 men from Dunkirk to the safety of England across the channel — under the aerial protection of British Spitfires and other fighter planes. Germany won the battle over Dunkirk in terms of fighter stats. Germany flew 2,000 sorties and lost 37 acft, British flew 1,764 sorties & lost 106 acft. Mediterranean Region: Concurrent with the Battle for France, Germany launched a major paratroop attack against Crete, and Italy joined Germany in the fighting to conquer enemy lands in the Mediterranean region. French Governments: After the fall of France in June 1942, the French government became scattered governments: There was German-ruled “occupied France,” and south of that was authoritarian “Vichy France,” and throughout France there was a “resistance” movement, also south of the Mediterranean Sea were “Free French” colonies in Africa led by General Charles de Gualle who was in exile in Great Britain. Battle of Britain: The Battle of Britain was an air battle preliminary to a German invasion that never happened because the Royal Air Force escaped destruction on the ground and fought an effective defensive battle against Luftwaffe bombers, fighters, and blitz tactics. Britain had radar to guide airplanes from the ground. Battle of the Atlantic: The maritime battle of the Atlantic employed aircraft in reconnaissance, fighter, torpedo bomber, and other roles. Sortie – one mission by a single military plane. The German Luftwaffe was one of the most powerful, doctrinally advanced, and battle experienced air forces in the world when WWII started.