John Adam’s Administration https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xqAt8A0W204

After Washington’s retirement, the Democratic-Republicans and Federalists campaigned for the presidency in 1796 Federalist John Adams defeated Republican Thomas Jefferson and won the presidency 10 10

The war between England & France was still going on and continued to cause problems for America France was frustrated with American neutrality and began to seize U.S. merchant ships Adams sent diplomats to France to negotiate an agreement on American trade rights in Europe 10 10

Three French officials (nicknamed X, Y, and Z) demanded a bribe to meet with French ministers Americans were offended by this XYZ Affair and called for war with France, but Adams kept his cool Credit: Forms part of: British Cartoon Prints Collection, Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division  In the 1790s the U.S. struggled to remain neutral in a war between Britain and France that would not end until the final defeat of Napoleon in 1815. In 1797 three French officials requested bribes from American diplomats to end the undeclared "Quasi War" during which the French navy had captured more than 300 American merchant ships. In this British satire of Franco-American relations after what became known as the XYZ Affair, a group of Frenchmen flatter "Madame Amerique" with promises of the wealth that their friendship can provide, while John Bull looks on from his stronghold atop "Shakespeare's cliff."  Madame Amerique

Federalists in Congress passed the Alien & Sedition Acts President Adams’ handling of the conflict with France led to criticisms by Democratic-Republicans Federalists in Congress passed the Alien & Sedition Acts The laws made it a crime to criticize government leaders, restricted citizenship for new immigrants, and made deporting immigrants easier This attack on free speech and citizenship backfired and badly damaged President Adams and the Federalist Party

Adams and his Federalist Party were unpopular by the Election of 1800 Republican Jefferson defeated Adams in the election of 1800 The 1800 election marked the first time in U.S. history when one political party transferred power to another political party

Thomas Jefferson’s Administration https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m_VdRgpHUMY

Democratic-Republican Election of 1800 Thomas Jefferson & Aaron Burr both tied with 73 votes. It went to the House and Hamilton controlled the outcome and chooses Jefferson! Why? He hates Burr more than Jefferson! Thomas Jefferson became our 3rd president The Twelfth Amendment was added to the Constitution Pres and VP run as a ticket "We are all Republicans, we are all Federalists." (Appealing to both Parties) The pre-election atmosphere in 1800 was colored by the Alien and Sedition Acts controversy, which had created much ill feeling between the contending parties. The Jeffersonian Republicans triumphed. Since 1796, they had control of New York State thanks largely to Aaron Burr's political skills; he had wrested control of the legislature from Alexander Hamilton. The bad news, however, was that the two Democratic-Republican candidates, Jefferson and Burr, garnered the same number of electoral votes; according to the Constitution, the matter was to be resolved in the House of Representatives. (See Article II, Section 1, Clause 3.) The Election of 1800 Candidate Party Electoral Vote Popular Vote Thomas Jefferson (VA) Democratic-Republican 73 * Aaron Burr (NY)< John Adams (MA) Federalist 65 C.C. Pinckney (SC) 64 John Jay (NY) 1 *Popular vote totals were not recorded until the Election of 1824. Thirty-six ballots were cast over five days to reach a decision. Once again Hamilton played a pivotal role, throwing his support to Jefferson, whom he disliked, rather than Burr, whom he truly hated. This election is sometimes referred to as the "Revolution of 1800" because it marked the transition from the Federalists, the only party to have held the presidency to that point, to the Democratic-Republicans of Jefferson. It appeared that major changes were in the offing. The dilemma posed by two candidates receiving an equal number of electoral votes was later addressed in Amendment XII.

Jefferson’s Presidency Changes made by Jefferson Size of the military reduced (Why?) Number of Federal employees increased Amount of national debt reduced Alien and Sedition Acts repealed (Why?) Lowered government expenses, cut taxes Increased the power of agricultural in the South. Free trade w/o government control Reduced the size of the National Bank (Why?)

Major Events During Jefferson’s Presidency

Judicial Review https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hOvsZyqRfCo As John Adams’ presidency ends, he filled all open court positions with Federalist Judges! Adams appoints one right before Jefferson takes office (Midnight Appointee) William Marbury – The Supreme court judge appointed by Adams on his last night of Office. Jefferson ordered the Secretary of state (James Madison) not to deliver the official papers to Marbury the next day. Marbury Sued Madison over this matter. What does the Supreme court do? Does Marbury win?

Louisiana Purchase Greatest real estate deal in history, $15 million (4 cents an acre)

Louisiana Purchase April 30, 1803 Robert Livingston & James Monroe signed the Louisiana Purchase Treaty in Paris The United States paid $15 million for the land, roughly 4 cents per acre The purchase added 828,000 square miles of land west of the Mississippi to the United States July 4 the Louisiana Purchase is publicly announced

Lewis and Clark Expedition January 18, 1803 Jefferson asked Congress for funds to explore the land west of the Mississippi Goal= to find a water route to the Pacific May 1804 Meriwether Lewis and William Clark depart on the expedition http://www.history.com/topics/lewis-and- clark/videos/lewis-clark-expedition Map of Lewis and Clark’s Route

Embargo Act of 1807 "On the impressment of our seamen, our remonstrances have never been intermitted. A hope existed at one moment, of an arrangement which might have been submitted to, but it soon passed away, and the practice, though relaxed at times in the distance seas, has been constantly pursued in those in our neighbourhood." -Th:Jefferson Impressment= the act of taking men into a military or naval force by force. http://www.history.com/topics/louisiana-purchase/videos/thomas-jefferson-expands-presidential-power?m=528e394da93ae&s=undefined&f=1&free=false