vaccines Antibodies(Ig) are produced by the body in response to the first attack by a germ or virus. Vaccine can trigger antibodies without being sick. You will be exposed to a killed or weakened version of the bacteria(toxoid) or virus(virion). The ideal vaccine gives the body enough exposure to the intruder to allow it to recognize it as a threat, but not enough of an exposure to risk the contraction of the disease Currently there are vaccines for over 20 different diseases

vaccines During outbreaks a certain number of vaccinated individuals will still contract the disease –strain. Most vaccines are extremely safe to use, but they are not completely free of side effects. Usually unless the patient is allergic to a component in the vaccine, most complaints after administration consist of soreness or redness at the administration site or a low grade fever FDA has the "Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System” the PTCE has asked questions regarding the administration of the vaccine

vaccines SQ - 23 to 25 gauge needle 5/8 to 3/4 inch long - fatty tissue on back of upper arm IM - 22 to 25 gauge needle 1 to 1.5 inch long - deltoid muscle by shoulder

Poliomyelitis Vaccine Abbreviation– IPV(inactivated polio virus) Common Name-- Polio Invader Type-- Virus Result of Infection-- Paralysis usually of the legs Vaccine Administration-- SQ Special Comments - Requires a series of four vaccinations

Rubella Vaccine Abbreviation-- MMR (combination) Common Name-- German Measles Invader Type-- Virus Result of Infection Distinctive red rash Vaccine Administration-- SQ Special Comments Contained in the MMR (Measles-Mumps-Rubella) combination vaccine Rubella is closely related to Measles but is caused by a different virus VERY damaging in pregnant women, especially in the first trimester - can cause fetus death or abnormalities -MMR Requires 4 vaccinations

Varicella Vaccine Abbreviation-- Varivax Common Name-- Chicken Pox Invader Type-- Virus Result of Infection-- Red Itchy Rash Vaccine Administration– SQ Shingles=herpes zoster=old chickenpox Vaccine is Zostavax

Diptheria Vaccine Abbreviation-- DTaP (combinations) or DPT Invader Type --Bacteria Result of Infection-- Bad sore throat, fever, swollen gland and weakness Vaccine Administration --IM - Contained in DTaP (Diptheria - Tetanus - Pertussis) combination vaccine in Td (Tetanus - Diptheria for adults) and DT (Diptheria - Tetanus for Children) - DTaP requires 5 vaccinations

Mumps Vaccine Abbreviation-- MMR (combination) Invader Type-- Virus Result of Infection: Swelling in one or both parotid salivary glands Vaccine Administration --SQ Special Comments—4 vaccinations

Pertussis Vaccine Abbreviation-- DTaP (combination), sometimes called DPT Common Name-- Whooping Cough Invader Type-- Bacteria Result of Infection-- Severe hacking cough followed by high pitched intake of breathing sounds like a whoop Vaccine Administration-- IM Special Comments - Contained in DTaP (Dipthena - Tetanus - Pertussis) combination vaccine

Hepatitis B Vaccine Abbreviation-- HBV Invader Type-- Virus  Result of Infection-- Chronic liver infection Vaccine Administration --IM Special Comments

Influenza Vaccine Abbrev-- Flu Common Name-- Flu Invader Type --Virus Result of Infection --Infection of the upper respiratory system high fever, and body aches Vaccine Administration-- IM Special Comments Every year is new flu immunization - Each year the flu vaccine is made using the three most likely flu viruses

Tetanus Vaccine Abbreviation-- DTaP Td, DT (combinations) Common Name-- Lock Jaw Invader Type --Bacteria Result of Infection-- Stiffness of the jaw and other muscles Vaccine Administration-- IM Special Comments - Contained in DTaP -requires 5 vaccinations

Vaccine Abbreviation-- PPV (adults)= Pneumococcal Vaccine Abbreviation-- PPV (adults)= Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine PCV (infants)= Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine Common Name-- Pneumonia Invader Type --Bacteria Result of infection --Inflammation of the lungs Vaccine Administration --IM Special Comments. Protects from 23 different types of pneumoccal bacteria Infant form requires 4 vaccinations

Variola Common Name --Smallpox Invader Type --Virus Result of Infection --Fever, malaise headache, severe fatigua. severe back pain, flat red lesions that fill with pus and erupt, deep pitted scars Vaccine Administration-- Scratch method Special Comments Actually, the Smallpox vaccine does not contain the smallpox virus Instead it contains a live form of a closely related virus called vaccinia. Unlike other vaccines that are injected either SQ or IM the small pox vaccine is administered by using a special needle with two tines that scratch the surface of the skin lo introduce the vaccine. This area contains active live virus, and is very contagious It can be spread to other parts of the body or to other individuals if the area is touched. It will remain contagious until the scab falls off.

Consider storage… Varicella---frozen until use MMR—freezer or refrigerator MMRV—frozen Inactivated vaccines---stored in refrigerator Live attenuated vaccines---stored in refrigerator Flu mist vaccine---has special freeze box

immunity Acquired immunity---body made antibodies Natural Active acquired—you got the infection Artificial active acquired---vaccine Attenuated vaccine---pathogen weakened so that gives immunity but will not yield disease. Antigen=immunogen igG=goes across placenta. Protects leukoctyes and erthroctyes igA= protects mucous membranes igM=largest ig. First responder. Can destroy antigen. igD=minimal ig. For milk, insulin, penicillin allergies igE=causes allergies when combines with antigen