Libya Population: Approximately 6.2 Million Location: Northern Africa between Egypt, Algeria and Tunisia

Leader During Arab Springs Muammar Guffadi dictator since 1969 Muammar acquired a warrant for his arrest for crimes against humanity Was overthrown and killed 2011 during the rebellion

Attempted to adopt democracy in 2012 Adoption of Democracy Attempted to adopt democracy in 2012 Tensions rose resulting in a Second Civil War During Civil war four Americans were killed Not an easy transition

Major Human Rights Violated Women's Rights Freedom of Expression and Speech Arbitrary Detention Free Movement In and out of the Country

Women’s Rights Declaration of Human Rights Article 2 & Article 7 Everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedoms set forth in this Declaration, without distinction of any kind, such as race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status. Furthermore, no distinction shall be made on the basis of the political, jurisdictional or international status of the country or territory to which a person belongs, whether it be independent, trust, non-self-governing or under any other limitation of sovereignty. All are equal before the law and are entitled without any discrimination to equal protection of the law. All are entitled to equal protection against any discrimination in violation of this Declaration and against any incitement to such discrimination.

Effects of Civil War Gaddafi’s regime vs. Rebellion Regime wanted to exploit information & tear down the rebellion Found their easiest/weakest target Women and young girls are all victims to their violence

Rape as a War Tool What is known as “honor killings” Families murder the victims When brought to the attention of the media, they portray women as “mentally ill” Leaves women with no hope

Salwa Bugaighis Prominent Libyan human rights lawyer Returned to her country after the fall of Gaddafi, in hopes of a democratic future Prompting people to vote, although the risk Posted image of herself to Facebook, casting her ballot She was later murdered in her home

Women Activists Inspired by Salwa Bugaighis, more women activists arose Fighting for justice, stability and gender equality Fighting for women to have a voice Continue to carry out her ideals and dreams for future Libyan women

Freedom of Speech and Expression Declaration of Human Rights Article 19 Everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression; this right includes freedom to hold opinions without interference and to seek, receive and impart information and ideas through any media and regardless of frontiers.

The government Limited the exercise of the rights of freedom of speech and expression Didn’t fully respect freedom of speech and press Unidentified assailants targeted journalists and reporters for presenting dissident political views Armed groups threatened and killed activists

Journalists Faced threats Regularly harassed Intimidated Abductions Killings Assassinations Assaulted

Prison Sentences Spreading false rumors Propaganda or information with the aim of harming national defense or terrorizing people Anyone harming the 17 February Revolution Offending Islam The state or its institutions For publicly offending the Libyan people

Muftah Al-Qatrani Al-Qatrani was a 33 year old male Director and owner of Al-Anwar, a privately owned media production company in the city of Benghazi Covered local events and sold the footage to other news outlets Killed in his office with gunshot wounds to his head Reports about the fighting between Islamist militias and pro- government militia groups in the eastern city of Benghazi for several satellite television channels

Article 9.(No one shall be subjected to arbitrary arrest, detention or exile.) Article 10. (Right to a fair trial) Article 5. (No one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment.) Arbitrary Detention, torture and death is not having the right to a fair trial is few of the biggest Human Rights Violations that Libya has been facing since 2011. Many residents have gone missing from their homes, their work places and off the streets and never heard from again. Reaching over 400,000 people missing and still counting Libyans have feared for their lives. Not knowing what is to come day by day, many try to escape out of the territory and into safer land.

Declaration of Human Rights Freedom of Movement Declaration of Human Rights Article 13 Everyone has the right to freedom of movement and residence within the borders of each state. Everyone has the right to leave any country, including his own, and to return to his country.

Refugees and Migrants Many refugees and migrants exiting countries due to Poor Living Conditions Poverty War They must pass through Libya to seek safety in Europe mainly in Italy.

Struggles Refugees seeking a new home are being Abducted by Human Traffickers Families are forced to pay for their freedom Sold to other criminal groups Tortured and killed

Semre 22-year-old from Eritrea, reported he saw four men die while being held captive for ransom. Semre claimed his father was eventually able to pay the ransom fee for Semre’s freedom. Yet instead of releasing him they sold him to another criminal group.

Religious Effects Muslims Christians Are being abducted but treated more fairly than others Christians Are being held captive Sold for money and not being returned to families instead sold to other groups Are being murdered

Charles 30-year-old from Nigeria Abducted by four men and held captive and beaten for two days Before Escaping All for carrying a bible.

Works Cited Lewis, Kayleigh. "Rights of Women in Libya Severely Restricted under Oppressive Isis Regime." The Independent. Independent Digital News and Media, 20 May 2016. Web. 01 Oct. 2016.  Fetouri, Mustafa. "Women Face Setbacks in New Libya." Al-Monitor. N.p., 22 Mar. 2015. Web. 04 Oct. 2016.  By 5 December, Some 153,000 Refugees and Migrants Had. "Libya 2015/2016." Home. N.p., n.d. Web. 04 Oct. 2016.

Works Cited Amnesty International, Refugees and migrants fleeing sexual violence, abuse and exploitation in Libya, Amnesty International, July 1, 2016   Lee, Esther Yu Hsi, Why So Many Refugees Are Fleeing To Europe From Libya, thinkprogress.org, June 2 United Nations, Universal Declaration of Human Rights un.org/en/universal-declaration-human-rights/ October 3, 2016

Works Sited @hrw. "2016." Human Rights Watch. N.p., 15 Aug. 2016. Web. 01 Oct. 2016."The Human Rights Act." Home Page. N.p., n.d. Web. 01 Oct. 2016.  "Torture." Amnesty International USA. N.p., n.d. Web. 01 Oct. 2016.Libya 2015/Amnesty International. N.p., 15 Aug. 2015. Web. 01 Oct. 2016.

Works Cited State, U.S. Department Of. LIBYA 2015 HUMAN RIGHTS REPORT (n.d.): n. pag. Web. @FreedomHouseDC. "Libya." Freedom House |. N.p., n.d. Web. 05 Oct. 2016. “Libya: Three Years On, Gaddafi-era Laws Used to Clamp down on Free Expression." Home. N.p., n.d. Web. 05 Oct. 2016.