The Hapsburgs And The Protestant Reformation Through Maps (And a few too many words) Based on, and with thanks to Susan M. Pojer, Chappaqua, NY

Characteristics of the New Monarchies They offered the institution of monarchy as a guarantee of law and order. They proclaimed that hereditary monarchy was the legitimate form of public power  all should accept this without resistance. They enlisted the support of the middle class in the towns  tired of the local power of feudal nobles. They would have to get their monarchies sufficiently organized & their finances into reliable order.

Characteristics of the New Monarchies They would break down the mass of feudal, inherited, customary, or “common” law in which the rights of the feudal classes were entrenched. The kings would MAKE law, enact it by his own authority, regardless of previous custom or historic liberties  What pleases the prince has the force of law!

England  stability under the Tudors France  consolidation of power. Spain  unification by marriage. HR Empire  different model: the cost of decentralization.

Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor (1493-1519)

Ferdinand & Isabella of Spain “The Madonna of the Monarchs”

Kingdoms of Spain: 1492

The Children of Maximilian & Ferdinand/Isabella Get Married

This Does Not End Well For Joanna

But Their Son Becomes Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor And The Most Powerful Monarch In Europe

Empire of Charles V

Causes of the Reformation? Church corruption Avignon Papacy Conciliarism Development of personal devotions  suspicion of clergy Greed of secular leaders  1/3 of Europe  church land Papal need for money  indulgences Printing Press

The Spread Of The Printing Press

The Holy Roman Empire in the 16th Century “Why the Germanies?”

The Spread Of Lutheranism

The Peasant Revolt - 1525

Calvin’s World In The 16th Century

Protestant Churches in France (Late 16c) (Late 16th Century) Protestant Churches in France (Late 16c)

Dutch persecution of Anabaptists (Mennonites) The Anabaptists Dutch persecution of Anabaptists (Mennonites)

Reformation Europe (Late 16th Century)