Chapter 5 “Energy & Energy Resources”

Lesson 1: What is Energy? The ability to cause a change or the capacity to do work is called what? ENERGY

There are two kinds of energy & they are what? KINETIC & POTENTIAL ENERGY The energy of motion is called____________ energy, it increases when velocity increases. Energy that is stored & held in readiness is called ____________ energy. KINETIC POTENTIAL

Types of Energy Kinetic Energy Potential Energy STANDING WITH YOUR ARMS STARIGHT UP DOING JUMPING JACKS SITTING IN A CHAIR SITTING ON A ROLLAR COASTER AT THE TOP OF HILL HOLDING AN ARROW IN A BOW DUNKING A BASKETBALL RUNNING IN A MARATHON WALKING THROUGH THE HALLS AT SCHOOL LAYING ON A SOFA WATCHING TV

The amount of work an object can do because of the object’s kinetic & potential energies usually associated with motion or position of an object is called what? MECHANICAL ENERGY

If Force is measured in Newton’s; what is Energy measured in then? JOULES (J) When weight is measured in Newton’s & height is measured in meters, the unit of energy is the Newton-Meter or the Joule (J).

Energy that is made up small particles, called atoms & molecules; the faster the movement of particles the warmer it becomes; this is what kind of energy? THERMAL ENERGY

Energy that is potential energy stored in chemical bonds that hold chemical bonds together is called what? CHEMICAL ENERGY

Kinetic Energy that is moving electric charges that produce electricity is called what? ELECTRICAL ENERGY

A disturbance that travels through a medium as a longitudinal wave & carries energy is called what? SOUND ENERGY OR A SOUND WAVE

LIGHT (ELECTROMAGNETIC OR Energy that travels in waves such as visible light, ultraviolet radiation, microwaves & infrared radiation are called what? LIGHT (ELECTROMAGNETIC OR RADIANT) ENERGY

Energy stored in the nucleus of a atom & released during nuclear reactions is called what? NUCLEAR ENERGY

What renewable resource uses thermal energy from Earth’s interior & produces almost no pollution? GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

What renewable resource uses energy from flowing water to produce electricity within a turbine is called what? HYDROELECTRIC ENERGY

In your science notebook write… What do you think energy conversion (transfer) means? Give three examples of energy transformation.

Lesson 2: Energy Conversions A change from one form of energy to another is called what? ENERGY TRANSORMATION OR CONVERSION “Most forms of energy can be converted into other forms of energy.”

There are two kinds of Potential Energy and they are what? ELASTIC POTENTIAL ENERGY & GRAVITATIONAL POTENTIAL ENERGY ELASTIC ENERGY FROM THE BOW GRAVITATIONAL ENERGY FROM LIFTING SOMETHING OFF THE GROUND

There are many ways Energy can be converted… 1. CHEMICAL ENERGY when you eat (chemical to mechanical) Photosynthesis (light to chemical) 2. ELECTRICAL ENERGY alarm clock (light & sound energy) light bulb (light & thermal energy) 3. ENERGY & MACHINES Riding a bike (chemical to mechanical & potential to kinetic)

Types of Energy Chemical Thermal Electrical Light Sound Nuclear Energy can be transferred from one from of energy to an other. How many different energies can be used in each picture? Which one has no energy transformation? X (if it’s a gas stove) X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

Lesson 3: Conversion of Energy The force that one surface exerts on another when the two rub against each is called what? FRICTION The strength of the force of friction depends on two factors: the types of surfaces & how hard the surfaces push together.

More Friction = More Resistance & More Heat Less Friction = Less Resistance & Less Heat

There are four different kinds of friction… STATIC __________ prevents surfaces from sliding past each other. When solid surfaces slide over each other, the kind of friction that occurs is called ___________. When an object rolls over a surface, the kind of friction that occurs is called __________. The force need to overcome this friction is much less than the force needed to overcome sliding friction. The last kind occurs when an object moves through a liquid which is called _________. SLIDING ROLLING FLUID

FLUID FRICTION SLIDING FRICTION ROLLING FRICTION STATIC FRICTION

Making Conversions More Efficient… ENERGY CONVERSIONS THAT ARE MORE EFFICIENT END UP WASTING LESS ENERGY (AERODYNAMICS)

Chapter 6 “Heat & Heat Technology”

Scientists use Kelvins (K), Lesson 1: Temperature The measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a material is called what? TEMPERATURE Scientists use Kelvins (K), Fahrenheit (°F) & Celsius (°C).

Three Temperature Scales Fahrenheit Celsius Kelvin Water Boils 212° 100° 373 K Body Temperature 98.6° 37° 310 K Room Temperature 68° 20° 293 K Water Freezes 32° 0° 273 K

An increase in the size of a substance in response to an increase in the temperature of the substance is known as what? THERMAL EXPANSION

The temperature at which molecular energy is at a minimum (0 on the Kelvin scale or -273.16°C on the Celsius scale) is known as what? ABSOLUTE ZERO

Lesson 2: What is Heat? The movement of thermal energy from a region of higher temperature to a region of lower temperature is called what?

Energy that is made up small particles, called atoms & molecules; the faster the movement of particles the warmer it becomes; this is what kind of energy? THERMAL ENERGY

The transfer of energy as heat through material is known as what? THERMAL CONDUCTION

A material through which energy can be transferred as heat is what? THERMAL CONDUCTOR METALS (COPPER & IRON)

A material that reduces or prevents the transfer of heat is called what? THERMAL INSULATOR

The transfer of thermal energy by the movement of the particles from one part of a material to another is called what? CONVECTION

What is the transfer of thermal energy by collisions between particles in matter? CONDUCTION The transfer of thermal energy by electromagnetic waves is called what? RADIATION

The quantity of heat required to raise a unit mass of homogeneous material (the same) 1 K or 1°C in a specified way given constant pressure & volume is what? SPECIFIC HEAT (MELTING POINT)

Lesson 3: Matter & Heat The states of matter are the physical forms in which a substance can exist. They are Solids, Liquids or Gases.

There are Three States of Matter… Solids, Liquids & Gas A ________ has a definite volume & definite shape. Unlike a solid, a ________ has no shape of its own. Not at all like solids & liquids, a _____ can change volume very easily because it has neither shape or volume. SOLID LIQUID GAS

Another State of Matter is called __________ Another State of Matter is called __________. Electricity, fire & lightning are an examples. PLASMA

(Examples include: freezing, melting, boiling & condensing) The change of a substance from one physical state to another is called? A CHANGE IN STATE (Examples include: freezing, melting, boiling & condensing)

The change in state from a solid to a liquid is called what The change in state from a solid to a liquid is called what? The change of a state from a liquid to a solid is called what? “I’M MELTING!” MELTING FREEZING

The opposite of vaporization; where gas particles lose enough thermal energy to become a liquid is called? CONDENSATION

The change from liquid water into water vapor is called what The change from liquid water into water vapor is called what? There are two kinds of vaporization and they are what? VAPORIZATION EVAPORATION & BOILING (100°C/212°F)

Dry Ice is an Example of Sublimation This occurs when the surface particles of a solid gain enough energy to become a gas. SUBLIMATION Dry Ice is an Example of Sublimation

How do you measure how many Calories of energy are in a certain amount of food? Because the Calorie is a measure of energy, it is also a measure of heat. A calorimeter is a device that measures heat.