The Birth of the Republican Party Chapter 10 – Section 3

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Presentation transcript:

The Birth of the Republican Party Chapter 10 – Section 3 Mitten – CSHS AMAZ History Semester One

New Political Parties Emerge Slavery Divides Whigs Northern, Southern Whigs split over slavery in 1852 elections Democrat Franklin Pierce elected president in 1852 Whig Party splinters after Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 Nativism belief in favoring native-born Americans over immigrants Nativists form American Party (1854) known as Know-Nothing Party

Antislavery Parties Form Forerunner of the Republican Party Liberty Party pursues abolition through laws; affects 1844 election The Free-Soilers Free-Soil Party opposes extension of slavery into territories Many Free-Soilers not abolitionists support restrictions on blacks object to slavery’s impact on white wage-based labor force Convinced of conspiracy to spread slavery throughout the U.S.

Antislavery Parties Form Republican Party 1854, unhappy Whigs, Democrats, Free-Soilers form Republican Party Horace Greeley, abolitionist, helps found Republican Party Republicans oppose slavery in territories; other opinions varied Main competition for voters is Know-Nothing Party

The 1856 Election Republicans select John C. Fremont – mapped Oregon Trail, led troop to California Democrat James Buchanan elected; secession averted

Section 4 – Slavery & Secession Slavery Dominates Politics Dred Scott, slave lived in free areas sues for freedom 1857 Supreme Court decides: slaves do not have rights of citizens no claim to freedom, suit begun in slave state Congress cannot forbid slavery in territories

Lincoln-Douglas Debates 1858, Lincoln runs for Douglas’s Senate seat Lincoln is an unknown challenges Douglas to 7 debates Douglas: slavery backward, not immoral Lincoln: slavery immoral – legislation needed to stop spread of slavery Douglas wins seat; Freeport Doctrine worsens split in Democratic Party Lincoln says slavery “vast moral evil”

Passions Ignite Harpers Ferry John Brown plans to start slave revolt, needs weapons 1859, leads band to federal arsenal in Harpers Ferry to get arms U.S. Marines put down rebellion, capture Brown John Brown’s Hanging Brown hanged for high treason, Dec. 1859 Many Northerners admire Brown Southerners fear future uprisings

Lincoln Elected President Seward and Lincoln Senator Seward expected to win nomination of Republican Party Lincoln wins – seen as more moderate than Seward tells South not to meddle with slaves; South feels threatened Election of 1860 Democrats split over slavery Lincoln wins with less than ½ of popular vote gets no Southern electoral votes

Southern Secession The Confederacy South Carolina and 6 other states secede: want complete independence from federal control fear end to their way of life want to preserve slave labor system Feb. 1861 Confederacy or Confederate States of America forms Confederacy permits slavery, recognizes state sovereignty Jefferson Davis unanimously elected president