PERCEPTION

Perception All the information picked up by our senses needs to be interpreted by our brains this interpretation is our own individual perception.

Fill in Patterns Sometimes senses go beyond what is really there and we fill it in. Sometimes things just do not make sense until you are told. Or you see things that never exist.

Gestalt Psychologists German for whole or pattern Study the ways the brain perceives and interprets information from the senses.

Figure/Ground Figure object perceived to stand apart form the background Ground Background against which the figure appears . All Senses… Violin in an orchestra…Voice in a crowd…roses in a flower shop.

Other Gestalt Patterns Proximity Similarity Closure Continuity Chart pg. 115

Perceptual Constancies Tendency to perceive objects at relatively stable and unchanging despite changing sensory information. Without this the world would be very confusing. Size Constancy People 5ft. Shape Constancy Door Rectangle Brightness Constancy White is bright Color Constancy Red stays red

PERCEPTION Perception depends on past experience and learning!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Also based on motivations, values, expectations, cognitive style, and culture!!!

Perception Motivations based on need Expectations based on preconceived notions.

Depth Mono cues One eye Binocular cues  Two eyes MONO Superposition – object blocks another. Linear Perspective – 2 parallel lines go together in the distance. Aerial Perspective – Distant objects blurred. Elevation – Higher on the horizontal plane = depth. Shadowing, and texture gradient.

DEPTH Binocular Stereoscopic vision – combo of retinal images gives 3D image. Retinal Disparity – Retinal overlap

Movement Perception Auto kinetic  Perception that a stationary object is moving. Stroboscopic motion  Flashing pictures in rapid succession Phi Phenomenon  Flashing lights in a sequence is movement

Optical Illusions Perceptual illusion  illusion due to misleading cues in stimuli cause us to create perceptions that are inaccurate or impossible Physical illusions  illusion due to distortion of information reaching receptor cells.