Terms to learn and understand Timelines Terms to learn and understand Calendars Century Millennium BC, BCE, Zero, AD, CE

What are they? Where did we get our? Calendar What are they? Where did we get our?

Gregorian Calendar International standard for world civil use today Adopted by Pope Gregory XIII: 1582 Inaccurate by 26 sec./yr (1 day/3,323 yr) The other calendars in use today are restricted to a particular religion or culture

Roman Calendar Legacy The order of the months and number of days were adopted from the Julian calendar (Julius Caesar)

Calendar A calendar is a system of organizing units of time for the purpose of reckoning time over extended periods. They serve as a source of social order and cultural identity There are about 40 calendars used in the world today

Time Basis Day: based on the rotation of the Earth on its axis Year: based on the revolution of the Earth around the Sun Month: based on the revolution of the Moon around the Earth

Timelines Why do we use timelines?

A calendar of events to make it easy to visually see the order in which events occurred To be able to relate events with cause and effect occurrences.

For example: the Persian War happened before Athens became a Mediterranean power and this led to the Peloponnesian War Athens Becomes Med. power 431-404 490 480 Persian War Peloponnesian War 450 432 Years in BC

Time Terms Decade: 10 years

Century: 100 years Cent is a Latin word for 100 Metric measurement centimeter Remember there are 100 cents in a dollar.

Millennium: 1000 years In metric measurement: millimeter

BC and AD B.C. means time period Before Christ AD (Anno Domini) Latin for “In the Year of the Lord”

CE and BCE Some people want to avoid the reference to Christ and use the following abbreviations BCE: “Before the Common Era” or “Before the Christian Era” CE: “Common Era” or “Christian Era”

AD or CE BC or BCE 100 100 200 200 The numbers get larger the further they are from zero

It’s the year 2006 What century are we in? Answer 21st century Why? Here’s the explanation…

AD or CE BC or BCE 100 44 100 200 200 Death Of Julius Caesar 1st century 2nd century The first century begins with the zero and continues for the next 100 years

Now what Millennium is it? Answer 3rd millennium for the same reason

What do you do first to make a timeline? First draw a line

2. Figure out how to evenly divide the line into time spaces

3. Place numbers at the spaces 700 500 300 100 100 300 600 400 200 0 200 400

4. Begin to add the numbers along the timeline in order 700 500 300 100 100 300 600 400 200 0 200 400 750 BC Villages united to form the city of Rome (kings) Where would you place this date?

1. 750 BC Villages united to form the city of Rome (kings) Where would you place this date? 700 500 300 100 100 300 600 400 200 0 200 400 750 Rome’s beginning

2. Next date: 509 BC Rome became a republic 700 500 300 100 100 300 600 400 200 0 200 400 509 Rome becomes republic 750 Rome’s beginning

3. 450 BC The Twelve Tables were written 700 500 300 100 100 300 600 400 200 0 200 400 509 Rome becomes republic 750 Rome’s beginning

4. 287 BC Plebeians gained equality with patricians 450 12 Tables written 700 500 300 100 100 300 600 400 200 0 200 400 287 Plebeians Equality w/ patricians 509 Rome becomes republic 750 Rome’s beginning

5. Third century Rome ruled most of the Italian Peninsula Rome rules peninsula 450 12 Tables written 700 500 300 100 100 300 600 400 200 0 200 400 287 Plebeians Equality w/ patricians 509 Rome becomes republic 750 Rome’s beginning

Now it’s your turn. Complete the rest of the timeline Now it’s your turn! Complete the rest of the timeline. Any unfinished portion is homework. 450 12 Tables written Punic Wars 246-146 700 500 300 100 100 300 600 400 200 0 200 400 287 Plebeians Equality w/ patricians 509 Rome becomes republic 750 Rome’s beginning

Second Century BC 3rd century Rome rules peninsula 450 12 Tables Rome ruled most ot the pennisula 450 12 Tables written Augustus 1st emporer Christian religion Spreads 3rd Century AD Julius Caesar dictator 45BC Christianity Official Religion 312 AD Christianity Grows 14 AD 700 500 300 100 100 300 600 400 200 0 200 400 64 persecution 287 Plebeians Equality w/ patricians 306AD Constantine emporer 509 Rome becomes republic Julius Caesar Stabbed to Death 44BC 750 Rome’s beginning 455AD Vandals sack Rome Republic gov’t begins to change 100BC Pax Romana 27BC-180 AD