Prepared by Mohammad Tomize. Malak Awad. Areej Shawahneh. Ameed Hashem. Supervised by: Dr. Yahya Saleh Anthropometric Measures Of Palestinian School Children And Their Ergonomic Implications

Outline Introduction Problem statement Methodology Literature review Results & analysis Conclusions & Recommendations

Introduction Anthropometry : The science of measuring the human body dimensions. size and body dimension are the most important parameters for design

Problem Statement Consequences of this mismatch…. No Palestinian databases for anthropometric data. Some stats. About Population (school children) Mismatch between student body dimensions and furniture dimension Consequences of this mismatch….

Objectives Developing the anthropometric databases of Palestinian school children (1st grade to 9th grade) Assessing the current class room furniture in Palestinian public schools Designing a suitable ergonomic furniture that fit with the anthropometry of students.

Literature review

Literature review

Methodology Identifying the whole population of the study. Determining the size of the representative sample. Selecting a random number of public schools. Measuring the “needed “ anthropometric data of the sampled school children. Conducting all needed statistical computations and analysis.

Methodology Cont. Obtaining the adopted standard for class room furniture (From the MoHE). Comparing the adopted standard with ergonomic standard (based on developed anthropometry). Identifying the existing mismatches. Developing a suitable ergonomic design for class room furniture.

Sample Size Calculation

Dimension of interest Knee Height (KH) Hip Breadth (HB) Sitting Height (SH) Popliteal Height (PH) Buttock-Popliteal Length (BPL) Sitting Elbow Height (SEH)

Sample of Normality Test Results & Analysis Sample of Normality Test Sample of Statistical Analysis

Hypothesis H1-Set: All body dimensions are equal for males and females in Palestine. H2-Set: All body dimensions are equal for males OR females in different age. H3-Set: All body dimensions are equal for the same age in the world. Totally: 77 hypotheses

Tests between males and females “Stature” in the first grade Hypothesis Testing All body dimensions are equal for males and females in First Grade (µmale = µfemale) Tests between males and females “Stature” in the first grade

Hypothesis Testing Sample of results for First Grade(males & females)

Tests between females in different age. “First grade, Sixth grade” Hypothesis Testing Sample of results for First Grade(males & females) Tests between females in different age. “First grade, Sixth grade” “Female”

Hypothesis Testing Sample of results for Different Grades(First &Sixth grade females)

Hypothesis Testing All body dimensions are equal for the same age in the world (µpal = µUSA).

Hypothesis Testing

Hypothesis Testing Female school children stature comparison: Pal. Vs. USA

Hypothesis Results There are significant differences between male and female dimensions within the same grade. At alpha=0.05 Comparison between USA and Palestine for the same age, shows also that there are differences in the dimensions There are significant differences different grades for the same gender. At alpha=0.05

Design Analysis The specification furniture dimension in the schools Grade Chair Seat Height (CSH) Chair Seat Depth (CSD) Chair Seat Width (CSW) Chair Backrest Height (CBH) Table Height (TH) 1-4 38 34.5 34 34.6 64 5-9 42 70

Design Analysis Difference between 5 percentile female in the first grade and the 95 percentile male in 4 grade for several dimensions

Proposed Design

Combination Formulas School furniture dimension combination formulas

Design Criteria

Design Criteria

Developed design Proposed Dimension for the First group(1st to 3rd Grade )

Comparisons Difference in table height between the available and proposed design.

Comparisons Difference in the chair backrest height between available and proposed design.

Comparisons Difference in the chair seat width between the available and proposed design.

Comparisons Difference in the chair seat depth bet the available and proposed design.

Comparisons Difference in the chair seat height bet the available and proposed design.

Classroom environment Classrooms windows: Area of windows: 20% of floor area Class size and School size: Classroom space shall not be less than 0.7m2/child. 7.5m x 5m for improved construction/urban/peri-urban schools CHALKBOARDS: 4’ high(1.22m).

Lighting

Conclusion special attention should be given for anthropometric data in order to use it for design, safety and other applications. There are many problems related to inappropriate school furniture such as fatigue, muscular stress and discomfort.

Recommendations Reconsidering the current design for school furniture. Adoption a new furniture design based on the students body dimensions. Awareness for the risks that students will face as a result of sitting improperly. divide the students for more than two groups (basic &high school).