Other Marks of Punctuation Ch. 27 Punctuation Other Marks of Punctuation

See what you remember… The first Alaskans most likely traveled to North America from Asia around twenty thousand years ago they may have been following caribou herds. The new republic at once began increasing production and distribution of goods futhermore, it also appealed to other nations for financial assistance.

Semicolons KEY CONCEPT: Use a semicolon between independent clauses that are closely related in thought and are NOT joined by a coordinating conjunction. New candidates will run for president in 2016; all of them are currently in the news.

Semicolons KEY CONCEPT: Use a semicolon between independent clauses joined by a conjunctive adverb or a transitional expression. Some people believe that summer cannot come soon enough; however, they fail to realize that the Winter Olympics are very exciting.

Commonly used…(p. 851) Accordingly Besides Consequently Furthermore Conjunctive Adverbs Transitional Expressions Accordingly Besides Consequently Furthermore However Otherwise Nevertheless Therefore As a result For example For instance In fact On the contrary That is

Semicolons KEY CONCEPT: Semicolons are used before a coordinating conjunction when the independent clauses contain commas. Also, when the items in a series contain commas. My favorite events are figure skating, downhill skiing, luge, and bobsled; but, I don’t care to watch cross-country skiing or speed skating.

Colons: to “note what follows” Before a list of items, especially after expressions like as follows, the following My Christmas list includes the following: Beats, Justin Bieber tickets, and a puppy. Do not use a colon before a list that serves as an object of a preposition or complement The concert included performances by *NSYNC, the Backstreet Boys, and Britney Spears.

Colons: to “note what follows” Before a long, formal statement or quotation Between independent clauses when the second clause explains or restates the idea of the first Those running shoes are the best kind: They are purple and will last 500 miles.

Colons: Conventional situations Between the hour and the minute in time 9:30 a.m. 12:00 noon 8:00 p.m. Between Biblical chapters and verses John 3:16 Proverbs 3:3 Between titles and subtitles Frankenstein: The Modern Prometheus CSI: Crime Scene Investigation After the salutation of a business letter To Whom It May Concern:

Practice Page 852– Exercise 1 (odds only) Page 855 – Review A (All of them…) You will turn this in after a brief reflection!

Semicolons and Colons Practice On a sheet of paper to be turned in… Page 855 – Review A Semicolons and colons review Just write the word before the punctuation After checking your answers, self-assess your ability to properly place semicolons and colons in sentences. Also– what questions do you have??

Italics vs. Quotation Marks ITALICS (underlining) QUOTATION MARKS Books Plays Long Poems Periodicals Works of Art Films Radio/TV Series Long Musical Works Videos Video & Computer Games Comic Strips Titles/Subtitles of short stories Short poems Essays Articles Parts of songs Episode titles (TV/Radio) Chapters/parts of books

In addition… Trains – Orient Express Ships - Titanic ITALICS (underlining) QUOTATION MARKS Trains – Orient Express Ships - Titanic Aircraft – Air Force One Spacecraft – Challenger Words, letters, symbols referred to as such Foreign words not translated to English Slang words Invented words Technical terms Dictionary definitions Any expressions unusual to English Direct quotations

Direct Quotations Use “…” to enclose EXACT words from a speaker or text Generally begins with a CAPITAL letter Unless writing only PART of the quoted sentence The speaker stated that the corpse was “a vile thing.” Unless a quoted sentence is interrupted, the 2nd part is lowercase “Please read through chapter 13,” explained Mrs. Krabill, “and we will have a discussion tomorrow.” Set off from rest of sentence with a comma, question mark, or exclamation. NOT A PERIOD!

Direct Quotations Other punctuation rules for direct quotes Commas and periods are placed INSIDE closing quotes Semicolons and colons are placed OUTSIDE closing quotes Question marks and exclamation points are dependent on if they are part of the quote or not My mom asked me, “Are you getting up today?” Did MLK, Jr., say, “I have a dream”?

Direct Quotations Dialogue: direct quotes between two or more people = change paragraphs for each new speaker When direct quote is more than one paragraph, use a quote at the beginning of each AND at the end of the whole thing. Examples – pg. 862 Use single quotes for a quote in a quote The teacher said, “Please tell me what Victor meant when he said, ‘I felt the bitterness of disappointment’.”

Practice! Page 858, Exercise 3 (odds only) You will have to add more punctuation than just quotation marks in this part!

Hyphens To divide a word at the end of a line Do NOT divide a one-syllable word Divide a word only between syllables Some-times Divide an already hyphenated word at the hyphen Self-defense Do NOT divide words so that only 1 letter stands alone

Hyphens: Compound Words Twenty-one to ninety-nine Two-thirds majority (when used as modifier) Prefixes and suffixes All-around president-elect Ex-boyfriend gluten-free non-smoking Great-grandmother mid-life pro-life Compound adjective preceding the noun A well-rehearsed musical

Dashes Gives a sharp separation within a sentence More definitive than commas or parentheses To indicate an abrupt break in thought The party—I’m sorry I didn’t tell you earlier— was moved to next week. To mean namely, that is, or in other words to introduce an explanation The weather has been unseasonable warm— in the mid-seventies—all October.

(Parentheses) To enclose informative or explanatory material of MINOR IMPORTANCE Sentence that falls within another sentence Does not begin with a capital letter Should not end with a period, but may have a question mark or exclamation point Paris, France (see the map on page 8) is lovely this time of year. Sentence that stands by itself Should begin with a capital; end with proper punctuation Mrs. Krabill would like to go to Paris. (Should we tell Mr. Krabill?)

(Parentheses) Also used to enclose dates of people’s births and deaths Abraham Lincoln (1809-1865) was a key figure during the Civil War.

[Brackets] … Not just for :] Used to enclose an explanation within quoted material Similar to single quotes = quote in a quote Brackets are parentheticals within quotes or parentheticals Mostly in informational texts!

Practice! Page 876 – Exercise 8 – #1-10 Page 880 – Exercise 9 - #1-5