Co-ordinate Geometry Learning Outcome: Calculate the distance between 2 points. Calculate the midpoint of a line segment

Distance between 2 points (4, 3) d (-1, -2)

Calculating the Midpoint (4, 3) (-1, -2)

Calculating the gradient of the line joining two given points. Co-ordinate Geometry Learning Outcome: Calculating the gradient of the line joining two given points.

Gradient of a line Describes how steep the line is. Given by the fraction change in y change in x (1, 2) (-3, -3)

Horizontal and Vertical Lines? The gradient of a horizontal line is zero. The gradient of a vertical line is undefined.

Equations of lines Can be written in either form: y - intercept Gradient The x term is to be written first, with a positive coefficient.

Rearrangement Express in the form y = mx + c Express in the form ax + by + c = 0

Given gradient m and a point The equation of the line is This is called the point-gradient formula. Find the equation of the line that passes through (3,-2) with the gradient of 2. or

Given two points Find the equation of this line. First find the gradient, then use the point gradient formula. Find the equation of the line joining the points (-2, 4 ) and (3, 5).

Parallel Lines Have the same gradient Will never meet Find the equation of the line that passes through the point (3, -13) that is parallel to the line y + 3x – 2 = 0

Perpendicular Lines Two lines are perpendicular if they meet at right-angles Gradients multiply together to equal -1 (except if you have a horizontal line). Each gradient is the negative reciprocal of the other. Find the equation of the line that passes through the point (6, -5) that is perpendicular to the line 2x – 3y – 5 = 0

Proofs When developing a coordinate geometry proof: 1.  Draw and label the graph 2.  State the formulas you will be using 3.  Show ALL work (if you are using your graphing calculator, be sure to show your screen displays as part of your work.) 4.  Have a concluding sentence stating what you have proven and why it is true.

Collinear points Points are collinear if they all lie on the same line. You need to establish that they have a common direction (equal gradients) a common point Prove that P(1,4), Q(4, 6) and R(10, 10) are collinear

The line segments have a common direction (gradients =2/3) and a common point (P) so P, Q and R are collinear.

Median A median is the line that joins a vertex of a triangle to the midpoint of the opposite side. The diagram shows all three medians which are concurrent at a point called the centroid.                                   

Perpendicular Bisector A perpendicular bisector is the line that passes through the midpoint of a side and is perpendicular (at right-angles) to that side. The diagram shows all three perpendicular bisectors which are concurrent at a point called the circumcentre (the centre of the surrounding circle).                                   

Altitude An altitude is the line that joins a vertex of a triangle to the opposite side, and is perpendicular to that side. The diagram shows all three altitudes which are concurrent at a point called the orthocentre.                                   

Triangle ABC is shown in the diagram.                                       Triangle ABC is shown in the diagram. Find the equation of the median through A.

Triangle ABC is shown in the diagram. Find the equation of the altitude through B.                                      

Triangle ABC is shown in the diagram. Find the equation of the perpendicular bisector of AC.