I. BACKGROUND A. COUNTRY AND POPULATION TOTAL LAND AREA – 1.13 MILLION SQ. KM. TOTAL POP. SIZE 77.13 MILLION IN JULY 2007 POPULATION IN RURAL – 85% DEPENDS ON SUBSISTENCE AGRICULTURE FOLLOWS FEDERAL SYSTEM OF GOVERNMENT - nine regional states - one administrative council - one city administration And 73 zones/provinces 737 weredas/districts over 20,000 peasant associations about 80,000 enumeration areas

Hence, govt. put in place a new economic policy in 1991- B. AGRICULTURE Means of livelihood for 85% of population Accounts 46% of the GDP Employs 85% of the labor force Generates 85% of commodity export Provides raw materials for 70% of large & medium scale industries Hence, govt. put in place a new economic policy in 1991- “Agriculture Development Led Industrialization (ADLI)” And this demands a comprehensive and up to date agricultural data for effective implementation of development programs.

II. ORGANIZATION OF STATISTICAL SERVICES IN ETHIOPIA A. BACKGROUND Prior to 1957, no coordinating body for statistical work Data compiled on ad- hoc basis by different ministries IN 1957, the First Five Year Plan was drafted (1957- 1962 Oct. 1959 – the first Conference of African Statisticians was held in A.A. This initiated the creation of coordinated and systematic statistical service

B. ESTABLISHEMENT OF THE CENTRAL STATISTICAL OFFICE June 1960, CSO started functioning as a statistical unit in the then Ministry of Commerce January 1963, CSO was established as an independent office and the regular stat. activities became its mandate 1970, Issuance of Statistical Law and 1972 some amendments: In accordance with the Law, CSA is responsible to Collect, organize, publish and disseminate statistical data Render statistical service Assist govt. organs and regional administration to matters pertaining to the collection, organization, analysis and preparation of publication and dissemination of stat. data 1987, upgraded to a level of Authority named CSA under MEDaC 1989, restructured to an Agency under MoFED

RURAL DEVELOPMENT (MoARD) C. ROLE OF THE MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT (MoARD) Under Proc. No. 41/1993 Undertakes studies and research, collect and compile statistical data Give assistance and advice to regional Agricultural Bureaus Through the Development Agents of the regional bureaus, collects and compiles agricultural data related to its development activities 2-3 Agricultural Development Agents are assigned in each Peasant Association( about 49,000 DAs are available)

III. FOOD AND AGRICULTURAL STATISTICS SERVICE 3.1 Agricultural Market Information System CSA conducts monthly retail prices and producers’ sample survey Major groups of items covered are food Drinks Tobacco Stimulants Household equipment Etc. Using monthly survey data, quarterly statistical report and monthly country and regional levels consumer price indices has been produced

3.2 Agricultural Surveys and Censuses Prior to 1974 Agricultural data inadequate with respect to Coverage Timeliness Reliability Data collection activity was uncoordinated different institutions were involved, such as CSO, MoA, Ethiopian Grain Board, National Coffee Board, etc. Ad-hoc data collection

During 1974-1979 MoA was involved in conducting agricultural sample surveys on crop and livestock statistics FAO provided some technical assistance Six nation wide agricultural sample surveys were conducted the survey data content and coverage has shown significant improvement compared to previous attempts Data on – crop area and production - livestock - farm buildings and implements were collected, compiled and disseminated

1980-2001 In 1980, collecting, compiling and dissemination of food and agricultural statistics activities, with the manpower and logistical resources in the MoA was transferred to CSO The same year, the National Integrated Household Survey Program was initiated by CSA with the assistance of FAO/UNDP and UNCEF Under Integrated System of Food and Agricultural Statistics Program (ISFASP), efforts have been made to produce timely and reliable food and agricultural data The NIHSP paved the way for the establishment of a permanent annual statistical survey program During this period 21 Agri. Sample Surveys were conducted The annual agri. surveys include the Crop Product Forecast Sample Survey the Main Season Sample Survey the Livestock Sample Survey and the Belg Season Sample Survey

CONT. Based on these surveys, the following statistical reports have been produced and disseminated : Crop Production Forecast (November) Volume I: Area and Production of Temporary Crops- main season (April) Volume II: Livestock, Poultry and Beehives Statistics (February) Volume III: From Management Practices-Main Season (May) Volume IV: Land Utilization (May) Volume V: Area Production and Yield of Temporary Crops-Belg Season (August) Volume VI: Farm Management Practices-Belg Season (August)

Limitations of the Sample surveys Subject coverage Survey excludes vegetables, root crops and perennial crops Area coverage excludes pastoralist areas excludes agricultural activities in urban centres Sector coverage Large and Medium Scale Commercial Farms were not included Reporting domain The reporting domains are zones (provinces) and not able to produce results at wereda (district) level because of limitation in sample size

i) The 2001/02 Ethiopian Agricultural Sample Enumeration 2001 – to date i) The 2001/02 Ethiopian Agricultural Sample Enumeration - is the first ever for the country - since then it has been serving as benchmark data Subject coverage - all crops including vegetables, root crops and perennial crops Area coverage - cover both the sedentary and pastoralist areas - cover the agricultural activities in the urban areas Sector coverage - both private peasant and large and medium scale commercial farms Reporting domain - weredas/districts were the reporting domains ii) Annual Agri. Sample Surveys since 2001/02 - regarding subject and sector coverage, similar to the 2001/02 EASE - sedentary and semi-pastoralist areas are coverd - zones/provinces are the reporting domain

3.3 Food consumption statistics Since 1980, three National Household Income, Consumption and Expenditure sample surveys have been conducted the latest was in 2004/05 The result have been used for analyzing the changes in the levels of living standards of households overtime in various socio-economic groups 3.4 Early Warning and Food Crops Forecasting System Moard, Regional Agriculture Bureaus and DPPA are involved in crop assessment and monitoring The NMA also involved in providing agro-met information CSA, through the crop production forecast survey, provides data on expected crop production for the govt. prior to harvest

IV. STRENGTHS, WEAKNESSES AND CONSTRAINTS OF THE CURRENT SYSTEM since 1980, permanent statistical system apply a technically sound sample design for the various socio-economic surveys including agriculture (two-stage stratified cluster sampling) application of objective measurement for area and productivity) strong and well distributed statistical branch offices to facilitate data collection at field level efficient application of the available data processing technology start establishing networking and database

4.2 Weaknesses and Constraints lack of methodology/technique to produce food and agri. Data at lower administrative level weak coordination among data producing institutions incomplete dependable conversion coefficients for local measurement units difficulty in constructing appropriate sampling frame for pastoralist areas weak system in the development of fisheries, forestry and environment statistics

V. RECENT DEVELOPMENT Increase cooperation with regional and federal stakeholder institutions Start pilot exercise on small area estimation techniques with technical assistance from FAO/EU Start working on the development of area sampling frame, GIS and satellite imagery application with technical assistance from FAO Progress has been made on developing standard conversion coefficient for local area and prod. measurement units Network connectivity between CSA HQ. and branch offices is underway with the support of WB and FAO

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