Bell Work: 2/24/16 What brought the United States into WWII? Where is Pearl Harbor? How do you think the attack on Pearl Harbor affected U.S. public opinion about involvement in the war?

Pacific Theater W.47 Identify and locate the Allied and Axis powers and explain the major battles of the Pacific and European theaters of war including the blitzkrieg, Dunkirk, Battle of Britain, Stalingrad, Normandy, Midway, Battle of the Bulge, Iwo Jima, and island hopping. W.51 Analyze the decision to use nuclear weapons to end World War II

Objectives: D. Identify the Battle of Midway and island hopping, and describe how they served as turning points in the Pacific. E. Identify Iwo Jima and explain its significance.

D. Identify the Battle of Midway and island hopping, and describe how they served as turning points in the Pacific. By the summer of 1942, the U.S. had mounted a strong defense against the aggressive Japanese military (Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere). On June 4, at the Battle of Midway Island (map), Japan attempted to “trap” U.S. aircraft carriers.

3 day period, Japan lost 4 of 6 aircraft carriers and 1 heavy cruiser. D. Identify the Battle of Midway and island hopping, and describe how they served as turning points in the Pacific. However, U.S. codebreakers were able to determine the date and location of the attack and mount an ambush of their own. 3 day period, Japan lost 4 of 6 aircraft carriers and 1 heavy cruiser. The U.S. lost 1 aircraft carrier and a battleship.

Japanese expansion and Midway

Why was it a turning point? First Japanese naval defeat since 1863. D. Identify the Battle of Midway and island hopping, and describe how they served as turning points in the Pacific. Why was it a turning point? First Japanese naval defeat since 1863. The massive industrial capabilities of the U.S. were able to quickly replace material losses whereas the Japanese struggled to build new ships.

D. Identify the Battle of Midway and island hopping, and describe how they served as turning points in the Pacific. The Japanese had trouble finding capable pilots to continue the war (kamikaze). The combination of these factors made it possible for the Allies to carry out more attacks against the Japanese mainland through island hopping.

Island hopping/leapfrogging

D. Identify the Battle of Midway and island hopping, and describe how they served as turning points in the Pacific. Why island hopping? 1. To avoid heavily defensed Japanese islands. 2. To more efficiently use limited Allied resources to attack islands that were not heavily defensed but capable of supporting the drive to attack the Japanese mainland. Ex: By claiming islands closer to Japan, the allies were able to scramble personnel, aircraft, and ships faster.

E. Identify Iwo Jima and explain its significance. Early 1945, the Allied island hopping campaign was ending. The capture of the islands of Iwo Jima and Okinawa placed the allies on the southern doorstep of Japan. Of the 22,000 Japanese soldiers on the island, it is estimated that only 3,000 survived. Iwo Jima has three airstrips that were to be used in the attack against the Japanese mainland. The losses on the American side were also tremendous.

Iwo Jima

Hiroo Onoda

Daily Assignment Where is Midway Island? What was the significance of the Battle of Midway Island? Who was victorious? To what extent (what were the losses?)? Why did the Battle of Midway serve as a turning point in WWII (why did it hinder Japanese success?)? What is island hopping? Evaluate why the Allies island hopped instead of directly attacking Japan.