SECOND INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION: The Age of Invention Cause and Effects

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SS.912.A.3.2 Examine the social, political, and economic causes, course, and consequences of the second Industrial Revolution that began in the late 19th century. SS.912.A.3.3 Compare the first and second Industrial Revolutions in the United States. SS.912.A.3.4 Determine how the development of steel, oil, transportation, communication, and business practices affected the United States economy. SS.912.A.3.5 Identify significant inventors of the Industrial Revolution including African Americans and women

New Industrial Age Main Idea: By the end of the 19th century, natural resources, creative ideas, and big business led to the 2nd Industrial Revolution in the United States.

New Industrial Age 1st Industrial Revolution 2nd Industrial Revolution Started in Britain Led to the factories and work (labor) outside the home Dominated by textile and shipping factories 2nd Industrial Revolution Started in the United States After the Civil War, the United States was mostly an agricultural nation. By 1920's, United States became the leading industrial power in the world

New Industrial Age Factors that caused the New Industrial Age: A great amount or wealth of natural resources New ways to use natural resources Government support for business Growing population into cities (urban) Inventions changing lifestyles

from http://2. bp. blogspot

Natural Resources Black Gold- Oil People used whale oil to gas lighting as well as in factory/railroad machine Oil was used to make kerosene

Natural Resources Bessemer Process Used coal and iron to make steel It injected air into molten iron to remove impurities This makes the iron lighter, more flexible, without rust

Effects Of Natural Resources Black Gold or "oil" Became practical after it was discovered how to distill the fuel from oil or coal to make kerosene to light lamps Making oil into kerosene produced gasoline when it was refined After the car became popular, gasoline became the most important form of oil Steel Making steels greatly benefited Now able to build railroads, barbed wire, farm machines, steel bridges (Brooklyn Bridge), and the ability to build skyscrapers with a steel frame.

Inventions and Electricity By 1890, electricity changed business and America. Edison invented the incandescent light bulb Westinghouse and Edison helped make electricity safer and less expensive Electric power ran many machines: fans, printing presses, new time saving appliances, electric streetcars(subways) Manufacturers could have their factories anywhere, not just close to sources of energy like rivers

Inventions Change Lifestyles The growing urban population made it possible for new inventions and products of the late 1800's Ways people communicate: Faster printing presses Invention of the typewriter in 1867 greatly changed the workplace and created office or clerical work Bell/Watson invented the telephone, opening up the way people communicate

Inventions Change Lifestyles From 1850-1920 improvements were made in: Internal engine combustion Steel Railways Manufacturing Cars Planes Assembly lines Oil Plastics Electricity Telephones Radio Mass productions Department stores

Railroads Railroads influenced industries us as iron, coal, steel, lumber, and glass The fast spread of railroad lines lead to the growth of new towns Created new markets and created opportunities for big business and farmers

Railroads Impact on Farmers Grange Movement/Farmers Alliance This demanded government control over railroad industry for fairness to the farmer because: There was railroad business corruption and abuses that upset the farmers. Railroads sold land they got from grants to other businesses rather than to settlers Price fixing- led to farmers paying a high price to transport their crops. Farmer were losing money and kept them in debt.

Overall Positive Effects of the 2nd Industrial Revolution Machines replaced work previously done by hand Production increased Lower cost and higher quality Better and faster transportation Rise of the middle class Movement of people from farms to cities Progressivism Labor unions Better education, information, and healthcare

Big Business Grows Oil and Steel became big business or "corporations" Created "trust" where competing companies turned over their stocks to one large corporation. Created a "monopoly" where the corporation did nothing but buy out other companies in the industry.

Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890 The Sherman Antitrust Act in 1890 was passed to try to break the power of monopolies and trust, but was hard to enforce. Effects of monopolies and trusts Controlled prices and can charge higher prices because of no competition pay employees very low wages

Additional Resources http://www.cpalms.org/Public/PreviewResourceUrl/Preview/154858 crash course video, the Industrial Economy 12 minutes   http://www.cpalms.org/Public/PreviewResourceStudentTutorial/Preview/151510 Tutorial on the Captains of Industry in the 2nd Industrial Revolution http://www.cpalms.org/Public/PreviewResourceLesson/Preview/40106 lesson plan that compares the Robber Barons with modern business https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3Efq-aNBkvc Turning Points in History, Industrial Revolution video 3 minutes www.biography.com videos and articles on the inventors and their inventions http://americanhistory.about.com/od/industrialrev/tp/inventors.htm article on the Top Significant Industrial Revolution Inventors https://quizlet.com/75815658/2nd-industrial-revolution-inventorsinventions-flash-cards/ flashcards and quizzes for inventors/inventions