Asian Public Governance Meeting September 9, 2015 Asian Public Governance Meeting Alessandro Bellantoni Open Government Coordinator Public Governance and Territorial Development Directorate OECD alessandro.bellantoni@oecd.org

OECD Recommendation on Digital Government Strategies Openness and Engagement Governance and Coordination Capacities to Support Implementation 1) Openness, transparency and inclusiveness 2) Engagement and participation in a multi- actor context in policy making and service delivery 3) Creation of a data-driven culture 4) Protecting privacy and ensuring security 5) Leadership and political commitment 6) Coherent use of digital technology across policy areas 7) Effective organizational and governance frameworks to coordinate 8) Strengthen international cooperation with other governments 9) Development of clear business cases 10) Reinforced institutional capacities 11) Procurement of digital technologies 12) Legal and regulatory framework First OECD legal instrument on Digital Government, passed on 15 July 2014 OECD members + 7 partner counties have adhered to the recommendation 12 principles organized by 3 themes This Recommendation provides a roadmap for national digital strategies moving forward and the basis for the work of the OECD in digital government. The Recommendation should be seen as a point of departure to improve the impact of digital government and not as a point of arrival. It serves as a tool to make further progress and adjust as times and needs change. Creating Value Through the Use of ICT

Digital Government Policy Toolkit To support the implementation of the Recommendation the Toolkit will consist of: Overview Principles Good Practices Indicators Country profiles Self-assessment maturity model Objective: Support countries with the implementation of the Recommendation Vision of the Toolkit: Structured around the 12 principles and 3 pillars in the Recommendation Contains background information and data, good practices, and a self-assessment model for each principle. The model helps countries identify their level of development for each principle and think about what should be the next steps Conceived as a “living document” that will evolve over time and will be linked to an online community of digital government officials implementing these principles, helping them exchange views and practices and find common solutions to common challenges This will be valuable instrument since countries show different levels of development for each pillar. The toolkit will help guide policy decisions tailored to each country’s needs. Beta version of the Toolkit will be presented at E-Leaders 2015 in Tokyo Working Party of Senior Digital Government Officials (E-Leaders Meeting 2015) 29-30 September, Tokyo (Japan) ©

OECD Digital Government Country Scans Assessment of the current context and formulation of recommendations based on the OECD Recommendation on Digital Government Strategies Diagnostic Report: 1. On one of the three pillars 2. Main challenges Final Report: 1. Recommendations 2. Action plan Policy Seminar: 1. Alternative options 2. Implementation challenges Besides its traditional digital government country reviews, the OECD has launched the OECD Digital Government Country Scans. These studies look closely at the level of development of one of the pillars of the Recommendation in one specific country. This type of studies are useful for countries with a strong development for one of the pillars, but that is lagging behind in another. Structure of the digital government country scan: Diagnostic report: On one of the pillars: I. Openness, transparency and inclusiveness; II. Organisational and governance frameworks or III. Institutional capacities to support the implementation of the digital government strategy. It is composed of a diagnostic report identifying the main challenges, a final report with recommendations and an action plan and an in-country policy seminar.

Measuring three components of open government data activity The Open-Useful-Reusable Government data index (OURdata) The OURdata Index (Open-Useful-Reusable):The OURdata Index, which was released last week in the OECD publication Government at a Glance 2015, assesses governments' efforts to make their data more open in three ways: 1. data availability on the national portal; 2. data accessibility on the national portal; and 3. governments' active support for the re-use of data. Data accessibility and availability are necessary, but insufficient conditions to ensure that open data benefits citizens. Re-use of data by the public sector, by civil society organisations, by the private sector and by a host of other actors is a sine qua non condition for multiplying the impact of open data. In this sense, the OURdata Index should help reinforce governments' focus on impacts and to remember that the overall objective should not be simply on increasing data availability, but on actively fostering stakeholders' engagement in data re-use. The OURdata Index is based on the OECD methodology for measuring Open Government Data (OGD)and on the G8 International Open Data Charter, encapsulating the first set of internationally agreed-upon set of principles on Open Data. Ultimately, the OURdata Index aims to support governments in designing and implementing OGD strategies that deliver value to the public. The primary difference with existing measures is that the OURdata Index focuses on the conditions necessary to create public value: data availability, accessibility and re-use. Countries should move towards a more demand-driven approach to data release, i.e. focusing on the datasets that people want. At the same time, their tools to respond to this demand are also evolving: national open data portals are being upgraded into platforms that enable the collaboration of different actors to re-use data to co-create new services. This, in turn, should increase the engagement of the public in uploading data and in co-creating data. In this sense, the OURdata Index will most certainly evolve to be able to capture the future efforts of governments' and their partners, as well as governments' capacity to better understand the demand of data users to spot high-value datasets and prioritise their release as open data. Korea came out on top. It should continue to engage with the different stakeholders inside and outside of the public sector and develop mechanism of co-creation of data since today a lot of valuable data is produced by the private sectors, NGOs and Academia. - Support the re-use of data and stakeholders’ engagement Source: 2014 OECD Survey on Open Government Data All three dimensions were equally weighted (33.3% each) Note: Cronbach alpha = 0.81

Moving forward - 1 Bridge the gap between the digital government strategy, the OGD and overall OG strategies: The way forward for Korea: Support the re-use of data and stakeholders’ engagement: While Korea shows a very developed open government data ecosystem compared to other countries, there is always room for improvement. The OECD OURdata index shows that Korea could still take more steps in the engagement of stakeholders to spot the need for new data sets or to develop new tools and products. For instance, according to the OECD survey on OGD (2014), Korea only sometimes charges data analytics teams in government with exploring possibilities and developing tools/products. ‎Bridge the gap between Korea’s digital government strategy and initiatives and the OGD strategy to make sure that the government of Korea takes advantage of existing synergies in their actions to boost a data-driven public sector (e.g. Maximise the impact of data analytics and public engagement based on OGD). This means that the OGD strategy should be in alignment with the broader strategy of “creating a data-driven culture in the public sector” (principle 3 of the Recommendation). Coherence between both strategies and an appropriate data governance framework increases governments’ ability to use data and technology to strengthen public sector intelligence, decision-making processes, policy making and service design and delivery ultimately creating public value. A data-driven public sector is able to use data and technology to better understand social needs, embed data use throughout the policy cycle and ensure responsible and coherent use of data that benefits citizens, strengthening public trust. Korea should use its leadership on open data to help strengthen international co-operation on the issue, which would help increasing value creation in the region. Countries may benefit from establishing common principles and guidelines. Common principles and guidelines support data and knowledge sharing, co-operation and the development of well-designed cross-border services. For example, if we look at the use of OGD to fight corruption major benefits can be achieved when common standards (metadata and definition) are used across countries – this helps following movement of resources, etc. Agreement on metadata as well as on datasets to be prioritised for release as OGD is a key step to maximise impact, optimise investments and ensure that OGD creates value across the Region (economic value as well as good governance benefits – e.g. accountability and fight against corruption).

Cross Sector/Ministry OECD Open Government Theory of Change Policy Principles Citizen Engagement Transparency Accountability Integrity Policy Catalysts Change management Innovation Digital Government And Open Data Policy Outcomes Intermediate: - Quality of public services Long-term: - Quality of Democracy - Inclusive Growth - Trust in Government - Rule of Law Cross Sector/Ministry Multiple Levels When looking at how ICT tools can lead to more open and inclusive policies, the OECD uses the following theory of change: Open government policy principles are transformed into intermediate and long-term policy outcomes through the use of policy catalysts. This theory of change is designed to adapt to country-specific contexts, at all levels of government, as well as across multiple sectors. The OECD provides analysis of open government policies at all levels of government, as well as across multiple sectors.

Moving forward Strengthen international co-operation The way forward for Korea: Support the re-use of data and stakeholders’ engagement: While Korea shows a very developed open government data ecosystem compared to other countries, there is always room for improvement. The OECD OURdata index shows that Korea could still take more steps in the engagement of stakeholders to spot the need for new data sets or to develop new tools and products. For instance, according to the OECD survey on OGD (2014), Korea only sometimes charges data analytics teams in government with exploring possibilities and developing tools/products. ‎Bridge the gap between Korea’s digital government strategy and initiatives and the OGD strategy to make sure that the government of Korea takes advantage of existing synergies in their actions to boost a data-driven public sector (e.g. Maximise the impact of data analytics and public engagement based on OGD). This means that the OGD strategy should be in alignment with the broader strategy of “creating a data-driven culture in the public sector” (principle 3 of the Recommendation). Coherence between both strategies and an appropriate data governance framework increases governments’ ability to use data and technology to strengthen public sector intelligence, decision-making processes, policy making and service design and delivery ultimately creating public value. A data-driven public sector is able to use data and technology to better understand social needs, embed data use throughout the policy cycle and ensure responsible and coherent use of data that benefits citizens, strengthening public trust. Korea should use its leadership on open data to help strengthen international co-operation on the issue, which would help increasing value creation in the region. Countries may benefit from establishing common principles and guidelines. Common principles and guidelines support data and knowledge sharing, co-operation and the development of well-designed cross-border services. For example, if we look at the use of OGD to fight corruption major benefits can be achieved when common standards (metadata and definition) are used across countries – this helps following movement of resources, etc. Agreement on metadata as well as on datasets to be prioritised for release as OGD is a key step to maximise impact, optimise investments and ensure that OGD creates value across the Region (economic value as well as good governance benefits – e.g. accountability and fight against corruption).

Thank you! Moving forward Alessandro Bellantoni Open Government Coordinator Public Governance and Territorial Development Directorate OECD alessandro.bellantoni@oecd.org The way forward for Korea: Support the re-use of data and stakeholders’ engagement: While Korea shows a very developed open government data ecosystem compared to other countries, there is always room for improvement. The OECD OURdata index shows that Korea could still take more steps in the engagement of stakeholders to spot the need for new data sets or to develop new tools and products. For instance, according to the OECD survey on OGD (2014), Korea only sometimes charges data analytics teams in government with exploring possibilities and developing tools/products. ‎Bridge the gap between Korea’s digital government strategy and initiatives and the OGD strategy to make sure that the government of Korea takes advantage of existing synergies in their actions to boost a data-driven public sector (e.g. Maximise the impact of data analytics and public engagement based on OGD). This means that the OGD strategy should be in alignment with the broader strategy of “creating a data-driven culture in the public sector” (principle 3 of the Recommendation). Coherence between both strategies and an appropriate data governance framework increases governments’ ability to use data and technology to strengthen public sector intelligence, decision-making processes, policy making and service design and delivery ultimately creating public value. A data-driven public sector is able to use data and technology to better understand social needs, embed data use throughout the policy cycle and ensure responsible and coherent use of data that benefits citizens, strengthening public trust. Korea should use its leadership on open data to help strengthen international co-operation on the issue, which would help increasing value creation in the region. Countries may benefit from establishing common principles and guidelines. Common principles and guidelines support data and knowledge sharing, co-operation and the development of well-designed cross-border services. For example, if we look at the use of OGD to fight corruption major benefits can be achieved when common standards (metadata and definition) are used across countries – this helps following movement of resources, etc. Agreement on metadata as well as on datasets to be prioritised for release as OGD is a key step to maximise impact, optimise investments and ensure that OGD creates value across the Region (economic value as well as good governance benefits – e.g. accountability and fight against corruption).