23 Social Change in 20th-Century Ireland WHAT YOU WILL LEARN At the end of this chapter you should understand ... How rural life and work changed in the 20th century. How urban life and work changed in the 20th century. How the status of women changed. How transport and communications changed. How leisure and pastimes changed.

Sources for Social Change How do these and other sources help you in your study of social change in 20th-century Ireland?

How did life differ for the people who lived in each of these houses? Rural Life How did life differ for the people who lived in each of these houses?

Rural Life How did work in the kitchen change between the early and late 20th century?

Rural Life – after 1945 How did rural life change in the late 20th century?

Rural Work How did rural work change during the 20th century?

Rural Work How did rural work change during the 20th century?

Urban Life 25,545 All other causes What was life like for working class families in Dublin in the early 20th century? 33,577 Deaths due to diseases not closely connected with poor conditions 31,087 Deaths closely connected with poor conditions Total: 90,209 (From 1911 Census)

How did urban living conditions improve during the 20th century? Urban Life How did urban living conditions improve during the 20th century?

How does this map of Dublin show how urban life changed? Blanchardstown Howth North Bull Island River Liffey Lucan and Clondalkin Phoenix Park Viking and early Norman (up to AD 1200) 13th to 18th century Tallaght New Town 19th century 20th century Some rapidly growing new suburbs Dublin Mountains How does this map of Dublin show how urban life changed?

How did urban work change during the 20th century? CHANGES IN EMPLOYMENT IN IRELAND Percentage of Workers in each Sector Agriculture (%) Industry Services 1926 53 13 34 1971 26 31 43 1996 10 27 63 How did urban work change during the 20th century?

The Status of Women Early 20th Century Second class citizens Could not vote in general elections Education was limited Second class citizens Dependent on their husbands Marry and have children

The Status of Women Women at work What were the main features concerning women at work in the early decades of the 20th century?

Changes in the 1960s Women at work New jobs in offices, teaching, nursing and the civil service Smaller families Women at work Smaller number of women executives The role of education How and why did women’s lives change in the 1960s?

Women in politics What part did women play in politics in the early decades of the 20th century?

A Conservative Society ‘A woman’s place was in the home’ Divorce, contraception banned Independent Ireland – a conservative society Irish Constitution – special role of women ‘within the home’ Marriage bar

Changes from 1960s onwards Forces for change More Education Outside ideas influence Ireland Forces for change The women’s movement Growing economy Commission for the Status of Women Employment Equality Act 1977

Changing Fashion

Role Models Nationalist Reaction Problems Exploitation in advertising Male clubs and institutions Pressures of modern society

Leisure and Entertainment Early decades What were the main features of leisure and entertainment in the early decades of the 20th century?

Leisure and Entertainment Early decades

Leisure and Entertainment Recent times

Leisure and Entertainment Recent times What changes occurred in leisure and entertainment in the second half of the 20th century?

Transport and Communications Transport – early decades Communications: The sending of messages, images and ideas. Transport: The movement of goods and people. What were the main features of transport in these pictures?

Transport and Communications Transport – early decades What were the main features of transport in these pictures?

Why did the railways decline during the 20th century? Transport Londonderry Londonderry Belfast Belfast Galway Galway Dublin Dublin Limerick Limerick Waterford Waterford Cork Cork Why did the railways decline during the 20th century?

Transport – Modern developments What are the main developments in transport in modern times?

Transport – Modern developments

How has air travel changed? Transport – Air travel Public airports with passenger services Other airports Military airports How has air travel changed?

Communications: The sending of messages, images and ideas. Early decades Communications: The sending of messages, images and ideas. ICELAND GREENLAND CANADA Atlantic Telegraph Valentia Island NEWFOUNDLAND What were the main features of communications in the early decades of the 20th century? Azores

Modern Communications How have modern communications changed?