Science Bell Ringer: Copy down in your HSN! Sedimentary Rock- Ch4.3 Objectives –Students will be able to: Describe how sedimentary rocks form. List the five steps of WEDCC( geological process). List and describe three major types of sedimentary rocks. TWIX!

Let’s take a closer look at this sedimentary rock! Have you ever tried to build a sand castle at the beach? Did you ever wonder where the sand came from? Weathering of Rocks Calcium Carbonate Critters (Crystalize!) Both compact together and compress to form Sandstone Let’s take a closer look at this sedimentary rock!

Arches National Park in Utah

Origins of Sedimentary Rock: A 5 Step Process 1) Weathering from: wind, water, ice, sunlight, and gravity = small fragments 2) Erosion moves sediment from one place to another

3) Deposition is the process by which sediment settles out of the water or wind carrying it. •Different types of sediment are shells, bones, leaves, stems, and other remains of living things.

4) As new layers of sediment occur, they COMPACT the older layers 4) As new layers of sediment occur, they COMPACT the older layers. (pressure) 5) Quartz and Calcite let water seep (or evaporate) past them to form a natural CEMENT. CEMENTATION occurs over millions of years. • It transforms loose sediments into solid sedimentary rock

Location of Sedimentary Rock Near the Earth’s surface = no internal heat or pressure from the core Visual cues= layers or strata

Sandstone –So… How do we go from sediment to Sedimentary rock??? –You tell me! 5 Steps! 1.Weathering breaks it! 2.Erosion moves it! 3.Deposition drops it! 4.Compaction squeezes it! 5.Cementation glues it! We now have sedimentary rock  Sandstone

Sedimentary Rock is Classified by how it forms. 3 Types: Clastic: Minerals (clasts) cement together Quartz & Calcite, Conglomerate & Breccia Chemical: Crystalize from a solution like seawater Halite, Rock Salt, & Rock Candy! Organic: Remains of plants & animals Coal, Limestone

Let’s learn about each type of sedimentary rock a little more:

1)Clastic Rocks A sedimentary rock that forms when rock fragments are squeezed together The fragments range in size Grouped by the size of rock fragments or particles in which they are made. –Shale •Forms from tiny particles of clay. •Cementation is needed to hold the clay particles together.

Sandstone Forms from the sand on beaches, on the ocean floor, in riverbeds, and in sand dunes.

Conglomerate rocks have fragments with rounded edges. Breccia rocks are make up of large fragments with sharp edges.

All of these are Clastic!

2) ORGANIC Sedimentary Rocks –Form where the remains of plants and animals are deposited in thick layers –Two important organic rocks are coal and limestone. –Coal –forms from the remains of swamp plants buried in water.

Limestone –the hard shells of living things Limestone forms from the calcite found in the shells and skeletons of coral, clams, oysters, and snails.

Limestone = Chalk Another example of limestone is chalk. (sediments of the skeletons of microscopic living things found in the oceans.) Limestone = Chalk

3) Chemical Rocks -form when minerals that are dissolved in a solution, crystallize. Limestone can form when calcite that is dissolved in lakes, seas, or underground water comes out of solution and forms crystals. Chemical Rocks

What are some Sedimentary Rock Uses… Chemical sedimentary rocks also form when mineral deposits are left when seas or lakes evaporate –rock salt is made of the mineral halite. Large deposits of rocks formed by evaporation found only in dry climates What are some Sedimentary Rock Uses…

The White House is made of sandstone! Limestone is important in smelting iron ore and making cement!

Largest structure built by living creatures 207,000 km2 The Great Barrier Reef Largest structure built by living creatures 207,000 km2

Comparing & Contrasting Sedimentary Rocks Igneous Bell Ringer: Please open your HSN and begin brainstorming similarities and differences of these two rocks. 5 bullets a piece. 3 bullets for the similarities.

Sandstone –So… How do we go from sediment to Sedimentary rock??? –You tell me! Let’s “Rock” it! 1.Weathering breaks it! 2.Erosion moves it! 3.Deposition drops it! 4.Compaction squeezes it! 5.Cementation glues it! We now have sedimentary rock  Sandstone

Rocks are classified on Critical thinking: Rocks are classified on Texture&Composition Which of these 2 properties would be more important for classifying clastic rocks?

Clastic Rocks A sedimentary rock that forms when rock fragments are squeezed together The fragments range in size Grouped by the size of rock fragments or particles in which they are made. –Shale •Forms from tiny particles of clay. •Cementation is needed to hold the clay particles together.

ORGANIC Sedimentary Rocks –Form where the remains of plants and animals are deposited in thick layers –Two important organic rocks are coal and limestone. –Coal –forms from the remains of swamp plants buried in water.

Chemical Rocks -forms when minerals that are dissolved in a solution, crystallize. Limestone can form when calcite that is dissolved in lakes, seas, or underground water comes out of solution and forms crystals. Chemical Rocks

Classification Each blue tray is numbered 1-7. There are two samples of each sedimentary rock we discussed on Friday. Using your descriptive notes, try to identify rocks 1-7 in numerical order. 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) Why do the two samples of #2 look different? What do the rocks in tray #6 have in common with #7?

Let’s Review! What are the 5 steps needed for the sedimentary rock to form? Let’s do the WEDCC Rock! Now, Let’s add this mnemonic device to our IANs. Take out 5 sticky notes from the blue tub to create a flip chart on this 5 step process. How quickly does this process occur?

Finish your mnemonic device!

Math Connection: A layer of sedimentary rock is 2 m thick. How many years did it take to form if an average 4mm of sediment accumulated per year? 2m=2,000mm 2,000mm/4mm= 500 years

Day 3: Snickers/Twix Lab

SEE it, HEAR it, and DO it! Please review the steps of WEDCC Sedimentary Rock formation. Textbook e activities Candy Bar Lab!

Now let’s do it! Snickers lab: Conglomerate Rock Twix lab: Sandstone Rock 5 bullets for each category!

Now Let’s draw it!