Energy Levels, Sublevels & Orbitals

Electron Review Exact location unknown Found outside of the nucleus in electron cloud Found in energy levels Energy levels closer to the nucleus have less energy than those farther from the nucleus Electrons fill the energy levels closest to the nucleus first

Energy Levels Total of 7 1st energy level is closest to nucleus Contain sublevels Four types s (lowest energy) p d f (highest energy)

Each energy level does not contain the same sublevels As the distance from the nucleus increases energy levels can hold more electrons Therefore, they can have more sublevels

Energy Levels & Their Sublevels 1 s 2 s, p 3 s, p, d 4 s, p, d, f 5 6 7 If you want to name a specific sublevel in an energy level, you write the energy level number followed by the sublevel. Example: 3rd energy level, d sublevel is written as 3d.

Each sublevel contains at least one orbital Area of higher probability of finding electrons Every orbital holds 2 electrons Different sublevels have different shaped orbitals s = spherical p = dumbbell

Sublevels, Orbitals & Number of Electrons Number of orbitals Total number of electrons in sublevel s 1 p 3 d 5 f 7 2 6 10 14

Energy Levels and Electrons Total Number of Electrons 1 2 3 4 5 6 2 2 + 6 = 8 2 + 6 + 10 = 18 2 + 6 +10 + 14 = 32 32 32

There is some overlap between energy sublevels d sublevel has slightly more energy than the s sublevel of the next energy level Example: 3rd energy level d sublevel > 4th energy level s sublevel means that electrons will fill a 4s sublevel before it fills a 3d sublevel

Aufbau Principle states order of how electrons fill energy levels and sublevels Always fill lowest energy levels and sublevels first