Reactions of Aqueous Ionic Compounds Lab 13 Results Reactions of Aqueous Ionic Compounds

White ppt. NVR NVR NVR Faint White ppt. Orange ppt. Amber NVP NVR Pb(NO3)2 HCl Na3PO4 KI White ppt. NH4OH NVR NVR NVR Faint White ppt. Orange ppt. Amber NVP NVR FeCl3 White ppt. Na2CO3 bbls. NVR NVR

Analysis and Conclusions Question 1: Identify all reactions that produced a precipitate with: Lead (II) nitrate Pb(NO3)2 (aq)

Pb(NO3)2 HCl Na3PO4 KI White ppt. NH4OH FeCl3 Na2CO3

+ What Reacts? NH4OH(aq) Pb(NO3)2(aq) Pb2+ NO3-1 NH4+1 OH-1 -2 NO3-1

No! Both have (+) charges Will the two cations react? NH4OH(aq) Pb(NO3)2(aq) NO3-1 Pb2+ NH4+1 OH-1 No! Both have (+) charges Will the two cations react? repel NH4+1 Pb2+ OH-1 NO3-1

No! Both have (-) charges Will the two anions react? + NH4OH(aq) Pb(NO3)2(aq) NO3-1 Pb2+ NH4+1 OH-1 No! Both have (-) charges Will the two anions react? NH4+1 Pb2+ OH-1 NO3-1 repel

Opposites Attract (+) (-) + NH4OH(aq) Pb(NO3)2(aq) NO3-1 Pb2+ NH4+1 Cations Anions Soluble (stays dissolved in H2O) NH4+1 NH4NO3(aq) NO3-1 NH4+1 NO3-1 Insoluble (Falls out of solution) Pb2+ Pb(OH)2(s) OH-1 Turns cloudy white OH-1 Pb2+ OH-1 (White ppt.)

2 2 NH4OH(aq) + Pb(NO3)2(aq)  NH4NO3(aq) + Pb(OH)2(s) Chemical Equation is now balanced. Chemical Equation needs to be balanced. 2 NH4OH(aq) + Pb(NO3)2(aq)  NH4NO3(aq) + Pb(OH)2(s) 2

+ (+) (-) FeCl3(aq) FeCl3(aq) Pb(NO3)2(aq) Pb(NO3)2(aq) 2 NO3-1 Pb2+ Cations Anions Soluble (stays dissolved in H2O) NO3-1 is always soluble Fe3+ Fe(NO3)3(aq) NO3-1 Fe3+ NO3-1 NO3-1 NO3-1 Insoluble (Falls out of solution) Pb2+ PbCl2(s) Cl-1 Faint White ppt. Cl-1 Pb2+ Cl-1

2 3 2 3 FeCl3 (aq) + Pb(NO3)2(aq)  Fe(NO3)3 (aq) + PbCl2(s) Chemical Equation needs to be balanced. Chemical Equation is now balanced. 2 FeCl3 (aq) + Pb(NO3)2(aq)  Fe(NO3)3 (aq) + PbCl2(s) 3 2 3

+ (+) (-) Na2CO3(aq) Na2CO3(aq) Pb(NO3)2(aq) Pb(NO3)2(aq) 2 NO3-1 2 Cations Anions Soluble (stays dissolved in H2O) Na+ & NO3-1 are always soluble Na+ NaNO3(aq) NO3-1 Na+ NO3-1 Insoluble (Falls out of solution) Pb2+ PbCO3(s) CO32- White ppt. CO32- Pb2+

2 Na2CO3 (aq) + Pb(NO3)2(aq)  NaNO3 (aq) + PbCO3(s) Chemical Equation is now balanced. Chemical Equation needs to be balanced. Na2CO3 (aq) + Pb(NO3)2(aq)  NaNO3 (aq) + PbCO3(s) 2

+ (+) (-) CaCl2(aq) CaCl2(aq) Pb(NO3)2(aq) Pb(NO3)2(aq) 2 NO3-1 Pb2+ Cations Anions Soluble (stays dissolved in H2O) NO3-1 is always soluble Ca2+ Ca(NO3)2(aq) NO3-1 Ca2+ NO3-1 NO3-1 Insoluble (Falls out of solution) Pb2+ PbCl2(s) Cl-1 Faint White ppt. Cl-1 Pb2+ Cl-1

CaCl2 (aq) + Pb(NO3)2(aq)  Ca(NO3)2 (aq) + PbCl2(s) Chemical Equation is balanced as written. CaCl2 (aq) + Pb(NO3)2(aq)  Ca(NO3)2 (aq) + PbCl2(s)

+ (+) (-) NaOH(aq) Pb(NO3)2(aq) Pb(NO3)2(aq) 2 NO3-1 Pb2+ Na+ OH- Na+ Cations Anions Soluble (stays dissolved in H2O) Na+ & NO3-1 are always soluble Na+ NaNO3(aq) NO3-1 Na+ NO3-1 Insoluble (Falls out of solution) Pb2+ Pb(OH)2(s) OH- White ppt. OH- Pb2+ OH-

2 2 NaOH(aq) + Pb(NO3)2(aq)  NaNO3(aq) + Pb(OH)2(s) Chemical Equation is now balanced. Chemical Equation needs to be balanced. 2 NaOH(aq) + Pb(NO3)2(aq)  NaNO3(aq) + Pb(OH)2(s) 2

+ (+) (-) H2SO4(aq) H2SO4(aq) Pb(NO3)2(aq) Pb(NO3)2(aq) 2 NO3-1 2 H+ Cations Anions Soluble (stays dissolved in H2O) NO3-1 is always soluble H+ HNO3(aq) NO3-1 H+ NO3-1 Insoluble (Falls out of solution) Pb2+ PbSO4(s) SO42- White ppt. SO42- Pb2+

2 H2SO4 (aq) + Pb(NO3)2(aq)  HNO3 (aq) + PbSO4(s) Chemical Equation is now balanced. Chemical Equation needs to be balanced. H2SO4 (aq) + Pb(NO3)2(aq)  HNO3 (aq) + PbSO4(s) 2

+ (+) (-) CuSO4(aq) Pb(NO3)2(aq) Pb(NO3)2(aq) Cu2+ SO42- Pb2+ 2 NO3-1 Cations Anions Soluble (stays dissolved in H2O) NO3-1 is always soluble Cu2+ Cu(NO3)2 (aq) NO3-1 Cu2+ NO3-1 NO3-1 Insoluble (Falls out of solution) Pb2+ PbSO4(s) SO42- White ppt. SO42- Pb2+

CuSO4(aq) + Pb(NO3)2(aq)  Cu(NO3)2(aq) + PbSO4(s) Chemical Equation balanced as written Chemical Equation needs to be balanced. CuSO4(aq) + Pb(NO3)2(aq)  Cu(NO3)2(aq) + PbSO4(s)

+ (+) (-) KI(aq) Pb(NO3)2(aq) Pb(NO3)2(aq) 2 NO3-1 Pb2+ K+ I- K+ Cations Anions Soluble (stays dissolved in H2O) K+ & NO3-1 are always soluble K+ KNO3(aq) NO3-1 K+ NO3-1 Insoluble (Falls out of solution) Pb2+ PbI2(s) I- Bright Yellow ppt. I- Pb2+ I-

2 2 KI(aq) + Pb(NO3)2(aq)  KNO3(aq) + PbI2(s) Chemical Equation is now balanced. Chemical Equation needs to be balanced. 2 KI(aq) + Pb(NO3)2(aq)  KNO3(aq) + PbI2(s) 2

+ (+) (-) Na3PO4(aq) Na3PO4(aq) Pb(NO3)2(aq) Pb(NO3)2(aq) 3 Na+ PO43- Cations Anions Soluble (stays dissolved in H2O) Na+ & NO3-1 are always soluble Na+ NaNO3(aq) NO3-1 Na+ NO3-1 Insoluble (Falls out of solution) Pb2+ Pb3(PO4)2 (s) PO43- White ppt. PO43- Pb2+ Pb2+ PO43- Pb2+

2 3 6 Na3PO4(aq) + Pb(NO3)2(aq)  NaNO3(aq) + Pb3(PO4)2(s) Chemical Equation is now balanced. Chemical Equation needs to be balanced. 2 Na3PO4(aq) + Pb(NO3)2(aq)  NaNO3(aq) + Pb3(PO4)2(s) 3 6

+ (+) (-) HCl(aq) Pb(NO3)2(aq) Pb(NO3)2(aq) 2 NO3-1 Pb2+ H+ Cl- H+ Cations Anions Soluble (stays dissolved in H2O) NO3-1 is always soluble H+ HNO3(aq) NO3-1 H+ NO3-1 Insoluble (Falls out of solution) Pb2+ PbCl2(s) Cl- Faint white ppt. Cl- Pb2+ Cl-

2 2 HCl(aq) + Pb(NO3)2(aq)  HNO3(aq) + PbCl2(s) Chemical Equation is now balanced. Chemical Equation needs to be balanced. 2 HCl(aq) + Pb(NO3)2(aq)  HNO3(aq) + PbCl2(s) 2

Analysis and Conclusions Question 2: Identify all reactions that produced a precipitate with the ammonia solution: Ammonium hydroxide NH4OH (aq)

+ (+) (-) NH4OH(aq) Pb(NO3)2(aq) Pb(NO3)2(aq) Pb2+ 2 NO3-1 NH4+1 OH-1 Cations Anions Soluble (stays dissolved in H2O) NH4+1 & NO3-1 are always soluble NH4+1 NH4NO3(aq) NO3-1 NH4+1 NO3-1 Insoluble (Falls out of solution) Pb2+ Pb(OH)2(s) OH-1 OH-1 White ppt. Pb2+ OH-1

2 2 NH4OH(aq) + Pb(NO3)2(aq)  NH4NO3(aq) + Pb(OH)2(s) Chemical Equation is now balanced. Chemical Equation needs to be balanced. 2 NH4OH(aq) + Pb(NO3)2(aq)  NH4NO3(aq) + Pb(OH)2(s) 2

+ (+) (-) NH4OH(aq) CuSO4(aq) Cu2+ SO42- NH4+1 OH-1 (NH4)2SO4(aq) Cations Anions Soluble (stays dissolved in H2O) NH4+1 is always soluble (NH4)2SO4(aq) NH4+1 SO42- NH4+1 SO42- NH4+1 Insoluble (Falls out of solution) Cu2+ Cu(OH)2(s) OH-1 Light Blue ppt. OH-1 Cu2+ OH-1

2 NH4OH(aq) + CuSO4(aq)  (NH4)2SO4(aq) + Cu(OH)2(s) Chemical Equation is now balanced. Chemical Equation needs to be balanced. 2 NH4OH(aq) + CuSO4(aq)  (NH4)2SO4(aq) + Cu(OH)2(s)

+ (+) (-) NH4OH(aq) AgNO3(aq) Ag+ NO3-1 NH4+1 OH-1 NH4+1 NH4NO3(aq) Cations Anions Soluble (stays dissolved in H2O) NH4+1 & NO3-1 are always soluble NH4+1 NH4NO3(aq) NO3-1 NH4+1 NO3-1 Insoluble (Falls out of solution) AgOH(s) Ag+ OH-1 Tan ppt. OH-1 Ag+

NH4OH(aq) + AgNO3(aq)  NH4NO3(aq) + AgOH(s) Chemical Equation is now balanced. Chemical Equation needs to be balanced. NH4OH(aq) + AgNO3(aq)  NH4NO3(aq) + AgOH(s)

+ (+) (-) NH4OH(aq) FeCl3(aq) FeCl3(aq) Fe3+ 3 Cl- NH4+1 OH-1 NH4+1 Cations Anions Soluble (stays dissolved in H2O) NH4+1 is always soluble NH4+1 NH4Cl(aq) Cl- NH4+1 Cl- Insoluble (Falls out of solution) Fe3+ Fe(OH)3(s) OH- OH-1 Faint Orange ppt. Fe3+ OH- OH-

3 3 NH4OH(aq) + FeCl3(aq)  NH4Cl(aq) + Fe(OH)3(s) Chemical Equation is now balanced. Chemical Equation needs to be balanced. 3 NH4OH(aq) + FeCl3(aq)  NH4Cl(aq) + Fe(OH)3(s) 3

Analysis and Conclusions Question 3: Identify all chemical reactions that produced bubbles: Pb(NO3)2 HCl Na3PO4 KI CuSO4 H2SO4 NaOH AgNO3 CaCl2 HNO3

+ (+) (-) Na2CO3(aq) Na2CO3(aq) HCl(aq) Cl- 2 Na+ CO32- H+ Na+ Cations Anions Soluble (stays dissolved in H2O) Na+ is always soluble Na+ NaCl(aq) Cl- Na+ Cl- H+ CO32- CO32- H+ H+ H2O(l) O2- CO2 CO2 Bubbles Bubbles

Chemical Equation is now balanced. Chemical Equation needs to be balanced. Na2CO3(aq) + HCl(aq)  CO2(g) + H2O(l) + NaCl (aq) 2 2 Na+ CO2 CO2 O2- H+ Cl- H2O(l) NaCl

+ (+) (-) Na2CO3(aq) Na2CO3(aq) H2SO4(aq) H2SO4(aq) SO42- 2 Na+ CO32- Cations Anions Soluble (stays dissolved in H2O) Na+ is always soluble Na2SO4 (aq) Na+ SO42- Na+ SO42- Na+ H+ CO32- CO32- H+ H+ H2O(l) O2- CO2 CO2 Bubbles Bubbles

Chemical Equation is balanced as written. Na2CO3(aq) + H2SO4(aq)  CO2(g) + H2O(l) + Na2SO4(aq) Na+ CO2 CO2 O2- H+ SO42- H2O(l) Na2SO4

+ (+) (-) Na2CO3(aq) Na2CO3(aq) HNO3 (aq) NO3- 2 Na+ CO32- H+ Na+ Cations Anions Soluble (stays dissolved in H2O) Na+ is always soluble Na+ NaNO3 (aq) NO3- Na+ NO3- H+ CO32- CO32- H+ H+ H2O(l) O2- CO2 CO2 Bubbles Bubbles

Chemical Equation is now balanced. Chemical Equation needs to be balanced. Na2CO3(aq) + HNO3(aq)  CO2(g) + H2O(l) + NaNO3(aq) 2 2 Na+ CO2 CO2 O2- H+ NO31- H2O(l) NaNO3

Analysis and Conclusions Question 4: What do all the chemical reactions that produced bubbles have in common? Bubbles happened whenever an ACID was reacted with sodium carbonate, Na2CO3

Analysis and Conclusions Question 5: What reactions gave a color change but no precipitate?

PbNO3 HCl Na3PO4 KI NH4OH Amber NVP FeCl3 Na2CO3

Fe3+ + I-  FeI2+(aq) Amber NVP The reaction between KI and FeCl3 probably made a complex ion. KI Fe3+ + I-  FeI2+(aq) (Still dissolved) Amber NVP FeCl3

Analysis and Conclusions Question 6: Which mixings could you have predicted in advance would not result in a reaction? Any reaction that had common ions.

Both have Cl- Both have Na+ PbNO3 HCl Na3PO4 KI NH4OH Both have Cl- FeCl3 Both have Na+ Na2CO3