Teknologi dan Kemakmuran EEPIS – ITS

PRAKATA Technology has always played a major role in creating wealth of nations and influencing standards of living and quality of life.

Evolution by Age of Technology Biotech Age Information Space Electronic Nuclear Electricity Steam Iron Bronze Stone lanjut

Long-wave Cycle Betz (1987): the process behind the wave is interaction between new technology, business opportunities the new technology creates, and an eventual overbuilding of capital after the technology ages.

Sequence of Events Discoveries in science create a phenomenal base for technological innovation Radical and basic technological innovation creates new products These products create new markets and new industries The new industries continue to innovate in products and processes, expanding markets As the technology matures, many competitors enter internationally, eventually creating excess production capacity Excess capacity decreases profitability and increase business failures and unemployment Subsequent economic turmoil in financial markets may lead to depressions New Science and new technology may provide the basis for new economic expansion.

Hasil Observasi Betz: Cutting-edge technology is behind the long-waves of economic activity High-technology products displace old-technology when there is a justification for performance over cost. Technology life cycles of industries affect long cycles in the national economy New technology comes from science, and science comes from the new discoveries in nature A new technology, when created, will begin a new wave

Important Technological Innovations 1970~ 1950~ 1940~ 1901~ 1830~ 1793~ Practical steamboat Steam powered locomotive Telegraph Telephone Radio Engine Elevator AC Airplane Jet Engine FM Radio Helicopter Color TV Computer Supersonic Transistor Instant camera Jet liner Sputnik NASA IC LASER Satellite Kevlar Fiber Optics Apollo XI Microproc. Rec DNA MRI scanner Space shuttle Laser Printer

Technology and National Economy Developed economies are identified with countries that properly use technology for the creation of wealth Less-developed economies are identified with countries lacking the technological know-how necessary to create wealth.