Super Cows – Belgian Blue Cattle http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nmkj5gq1cQU

KEY CONCEPT Organisms can be cloned using a nuclear transfer process.

A clone is a genetically identical copy of a gene or of an organism.

Cloning occurs in nature. bacteria (binary fission) some plants (from roots vegetative runners) some simple animals (budding, regeneration)

Cloning has potential benefits. organs for transplant into humans save endangered species Cloning raises concerns. low success rate clones “imperfect” and less healthy than original animal decreased biodiversity

Mammals can be cloned through a process called nuclear transfer. nucleus is removed from an egg cell (enucleation) nucleus of a differentiated cell (somatic) from the animal to be cloned is implanted in the egg

Enucleating the egg – Nuclear transfer Nuclear Transfer Animation http://www.hhmi.org/biointeractive/somatic-cell-nuclear-transfer-animation Nuclear Transfer Actual Footage http://www.teachertube.com/viewVideo.php?video_id=273988

Cloning Animation http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_detailpage&v=FYvcLh4Y43s

Dolly the Sheep http://www.nytimes.com/video/us/100000002496111/dolly-the-sheep.html

Why was Dolly a Breakthrough? 1st successful live birth of a clone Used a mammary cell (differentiated cell) Previously scientists thought only stem cells could be used Gave birth to a health offspring

Let’s Clone a Mouse! http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/cloning/clickandclone/