Warm-Up In your own words, explain how you can determine if a substance is a metal, nonmetal, or metalloid. 2 sentences minimum!

MIXTURES

What is a mixture? Mixture – matter that consists of two or more substances together that are not chemically combined

Mixture properties Substances in a mixture keep their separate identities and most of their own properties. Substances in a mixture may change in physical appearance when they dissolve Some properties may also change (melting point or boiling point) No change in chemical composition!

Mixture properties Substances in a mixture can be present in any amount Since substances in a mixture retain their original properties, they can be separated out by physical means. All methods are based on the physical properties of the mixture

Mixture properties Ex: Sorting Sifting Filtering Evaporation

Heterogeneous A mixture that does not seem to be the same throughout Sometimes particles are large enough to be seen apart from the mixture Ex Fruit salad Pizza Granite Asphalt

Heterogeneous When some mixtures are well shaken, the particles may seem uniform throughout, but they will settle when allowed to stand still Ex Salad dressing Natural peanut butter Salt-water (saturated)

homogeneous Mixture that appears to be the same throughout Also called solutions Particles are very small, not easily recognized and evenly spread Particles DO NOT settle when the mixture is allowed to stand

homogeneous Ex Pulp-free orange juice Coffee Ketchup Perfume Alloys

solutions Solvent - substance that the solute dissolves in Solute - particle that is dissolving As in any mixture, the substances making up the solution retain most of their original properties Solutions can exist in any of the 3 states of matter

solutions Solid solutions: Liquid solutions Gaseous solution: air metal alloys (steel, bronze) Liquid solutions Solid in liquid: salt water Liquid in liquid: antifreeze in water, food coloring in water Gas in liquid: CO2 in soda Gaseous solution: air

Practice!!

Heterogeneous Mixture Practice!! Heterogeneous Mixture Homogeneous Mixture Gravel Soil Bowl of cereal Trail mix Asphalt Fruit salad Pudding Ketchup Steel Brass Sugar water Toothpaste Dr. Pepper Maple syrup Grape juice

Separating mixtures

filtration Filtration uses a porous barrier to separate a solid from a liquid.

filtration Filtrate – liquid product

filtration This method could be used to separate: Sand and water Precipitate from a solution Solid from any liquid (heterogeneous)

distillation Distillation separates mixtures based on different boiling points of the components

distillation Component with the lowest boiling point will evaporate first and is then condensed in a separate container

distillation This method could be used to separate: Ethanol and water Salt and water Homogeneous (liquid and liquid, solid and liquid)

crystallization Crystallization separates pure solid solute particles from a saturated solution

crystallization In this method, the solution is boiled and then allowed to slowly cool undisturbed.

crystallization This method is used to separate: Sugar and water (rock candy) Homogeneous (solid and liquid)

chromatography Chromatography separates mixture components based on their tendency to travel across the surface of another material.

chromatography This method could be used to separate: Inks in a pen Proteins Homogeneous (liquid and liquid, solid and solid, solid and liquid)